Skoda Rapid, 2013

 

 

 

 

•  Skoda Rapid, 2013

Škoda is resolutely pursuing its model offensive, presenting its new compact saloon, the Škoda Rapid, just a few months after the introduction of the Škoda Citigo subcompact. The brand's most recent addition is to play a central role in th

The Škoda Rapid impresses with lots of room, an expressive design, an excellent price-value ratio, a comprehensive safety offering and efficient engines. "This is a model which sets benchmarks in the compact saloon segment. The Škoda Rapid is a roomy, elegant and at the same time an affordable car for the whole family, impressing with clever solutions, cutting-edge technology and high economy. In short, it is a car permitting mobility in a comfortable, reasonably priced and environmentally friendly package. The right car at the right time," says Škoda CEO Winfried Vahland.

Lots of space and room at an affordable price
The driver and the passengers should have no reason to complain about a lack of room. "In its class, the Rapid is the new benchmark for roominess," says Škoda CEO Vahland. Though exterior dimensions, at (4.48 m in length, 1.71 m in length, 1.46 m in height), may be compact, the car will comfortably seat up to five persons. The Rapid's figures for knee and head room are best in class, as is the boot at 550 litres - truly family-size.

Cleverly done
Škoda's roomy latest offspring is a "simply clever" car through and through, offering no less than 19 of Škoda's typical "simply clever" solutions. Four of them are available for the first time in the Škoda Rapid, including a practical holder for the warning vest underneath the driver's seat. Storage for the ice scraper is ingenious: it simply slides into the inside of the tank filler flap. A refuse bin in the side door keeps the car's inside tidy. Another first for Škoda is a double-sided covering for the boot floor. In addition to these "premieres", the Rapid has a lot of other tried and true clever solutions on board such as a multimedia holder, a ticket holder, various cup holders, nettings on the inner sides of the front seats and an optional netting programme for the car's huge boot.

Škoda's new design: clear, precise, fresh, timeless and elegant
The Rapid is the first Škoda series car ever to fully feature the brand's newly formulated design language. "This is a car that gives out a clear statement at first glance: clear, precise, fresh and emotional," says Eckhard Scholz, Škoda board member for technical development.

Perfect proportions, clear and cleanly modelled surfaces and sharply drawn lines combine to create an attractive overall appearance. The front end displays a new take on Škoda-typical design elements. The new brand logo confidently stands out on the harmonically rounded front edge of the bonnet. The grille shows a finely drawn chrome frame and is formed by vertical slats. The headlight ensemble is grouped at the front of the Škoda Rapid to form a cloverleaf shape.

The body's side also conveys pure emotion though a long wheelbase and a coupé-like silhouette, but also thanks to a precise and sharp tornado line creating a clear division of light and shadow. At the rear, the car's large tailgate is not merely functional, but also acts as a design element. In addition, distinctly shaped taillights in the brand's typical C shape and the new brand logo all combine to make the Škoda Rapid unmistakable.

A perfect family car
Škoda is aiming the Rapid especially at families. "Families will love the Rapid," says Jürgen Stackmann, Škoda board member for sales and marketing. "Here is a perfect first car at an affordable price in Škoda's familiar quality." Škoda has customers especially in mind who are successful in their professional and private life. At the same time, the Škoda Rapid is a response to changed customer needs. Says Stackmann: "People value mobility, but they may be unwilling or unable to spend too much money on their mobility. The Rapid stands for 'best value for money' and caters to exactly this sort of need."

The Rapid is a perfect complement of the model palette between the Škoda Fabia and the Škoda Octavia, making it at home in the large-volume compact segment. This so-called A segment currently accounts for 36 per cent of the world's automobile market. Within this class, saloons have a share of 42.3 per cent. Industry experts estimate the number of cars of this type sold worldwide will rise by about 50 per cent by the year 2020.

Comprehensive active and passive safety package
The Škoda Rapid is also big on active and passive safety. ABS and ESP systems are standard in EU countries. The car's long wheelbase, a precise chassis and a stiff body structure form the basis for stable handling. Functions such as the tyre pressure monitoring, fog lamps with so-called 'corner function' or the 'hill-hold control' assistant for starting up steep terrain, enhance the car's active safety level. As for passive safety, a comprehensive package will protect the car's occupants in case of a collision. It includes front, side and head airbags, adjustable-height 3-point safety belts with tighteners as well as headrests. The stiff body ensures excellent deformation behaviour of the car in a collision.

Efficient petrol and diesel engines
In Europe, the Škoda Rapid will be available with a total of four petrol and two diesel engines, all of them conforming to EU 5 standards. The petrol entry-level engine is the 1.2 l MPI three-cylinder producing 55 kW (75 hp). The other petrol engines are the 1.2 l 63 kW (86 hp) TSI, the 1.2 l 77 kW (105 hp) TSI and the 1.4 l 90 kW (122 hp) TSI.

The 1.6 litre diesel engine comes with direct common rail injection and a particulate matter filter and is available in two power variants, the basic diesel putting out 66 kW (90 hp) and scheduled for marketing in the second half of 2013. It may be combined with the optional seven-speed DSG (double-clutch transmission). The 1.6 l TDI CR version is more powerful, putting out 77 kW (105 hp).

CLEAR, PRECISE AND ELEGANT
The new Rapid is the first Škoda model to feature the brand's completely revised vehicle design. This design had been hinted in the "VisionD" and "MissionL" Škoda show cars. It now takes to the road for the first time in the Škoda Rapid. Its clear, precise, fresh and timeless design sets more than a creative accent in the compact saloon segment. The team around Škoda designer-in-chief Jozef Kaban have also shown that they definitely know how to marry functionality and an emotional stylistic vocabulary in this vehicle class.

The brand's new design language embodies precision, clear lines and a concept with a maximum of functionality. "The Rapid is an emotional car," says designer-in-chief Jozef Kaban. "Its design is precise and timeless, its modern look fills its elegant, pure shapes with fresh attractiveness. This involves perfect proportions, clearly formed surfaces and sharp lines and radii. The Rapid is an expression of the Škoda's confidence," says Kaban.

At 4.50 m in length, this compact saloon impresses with precise design down to the last detail. Cleanly modelled surfaces and sharply drawn lines effectively bring out the car's perfect proportions. The front end of the Škoda Rapid is a marked example of a reinterpreted Škoda design. A classy grille formed from 19 vertically positioned slats shows a finely drawn chrome frame. Modelled with much love for detail, the grille combines with the car's expressive headlights to form a unified graphic. This conveys optical width to the car's front and is echoed in the unit made from the fog lamps and the air intake in the front bumper. The redesigned Škoda logo is confidently positioned on the harmoniously rounded front edge of the bonnet. The chrome winged arrow clearly and precisely stands out on the matte black ground.

The cloverleaf shape made up by the headlight ensemble also takes its cue from the uniform design vocabulary. Below the headlights, fog lamps almost equal in size flank the lower air intake. The crystalline structure of their transparent covers is marked by sharp lines, a theme reminiscent of the high craftsmanship of Czech glass grinders.

The Škoda Rapid stands confident and solid. Its coupé-like silhouette and its long wheelbase especially underscore the elegance of the vehicle's overall shape. Stretched grooves highlight the car's longitudinal dynamics and harmoniously divide the lateral surfaces. A sharp tornado line creates a clean division of light and shadow. Every single line ends with an expressive conclusion.

The rear end of the Škoda Rapid also conveys the design's precision and freshness. It is as clearly shaped as it is distinctive. The taillights display Škoda's typical C design, yet in a new shape with a soft, crystalline grinding. Between the taillights, three lines in the sheet steel form fine triangles providing the car's rear with a special character element. The gaps between the fenders and the bumpers become an effective design element.

A large tailgate opens all the way to the edge of the rear window, giving access to a wide loading bay. This makes the tailgate as much a functional as a design element. The boot, at a capacity of 550 litres, is best in class among compact saloons. Folding down the rear seat backs will increase the volume to as much as 1,490 litres. Forcefully formed fenders house wheels up to 17 inches in size. The basic version comes with 14-inch rims. As with the exterior, so the Škoda Rapid's rich choice of wheels impresses with a wholly new stylistic vocabulary and a wide variety.

The interior of the Škoda Rapid extends the exterior's clear creative language, beaming with a tidy elegance and impressing with perfect ergonomics and high functionality. Four doors open wide to provide easy access for all occupants. The entire interior is generously laid out to provide space in comfort for five persons. With 65 mm of knee space rear the Škoda Rapid sets benchmark in its class. The cockpit with its horizontal structure exudes spaciousness. Finely drawn chrome elements on the control units in higher trim lines set radiant highlights. The easy-to-grip four-spoke steering wheel sporting the new Škoda logo sits in the driver's focus, as does the finely drawn combination display.

The control unit for the air conditioning, the radio and navigation unit and various controls in the central console have also been positioned with special regard for ergonomics. The newly designed seats impress with their contours and classy cloth covers, guaranteeing a pleasant driving experience. A host of storage compartments in the doors and on the central console provide lots of space, as do the seat pockets.

Škoda's new design language is the result of intensive and long-term oriented work by an internationally staffed designer team. More than 70 specialists are involved in the drafting and designing of Škoda's models to come. The team is divided into five groups, each group being responsible for a specific area: exterior, interior, colours, digital models and technologies and finally clay models. Each new car is thus the result of teamwork in the best sense of the word. The design department is housed in the "Design Villa" on the premises of Škoda's Technical Development. The Design Villa is not just one of the most tradition-rich Škoda buildings, it may also be the best-guarded structure at Škoda's Mladá Boleslav plant.

TECHNOLOGY TO SERVE PEOPLE
The Škoda Rapid proves it: cars sporting the winged arrow offer technology, safety, efficiency and comfort at the highest level as well as for the best price. The new Czech compact saloon is a case in point.

Active and passive safety writ large
The Škoda Rapid is big on safety. As befits a good European, this compact saloon comes with a comprehensive safety package in all EU countries.

In terms of active safety, the ABS and ESP systems are the central elements. ESP including ABS is standard equipment for the Škoda Rapid in EU countries. While the ABS anti-lock braking system prevents wheels locking up in heavy braking, the ESP electronic stability programme will keep the car from swerving in extreme situations through focussed intervention in the braking process and in the engine's management.

The Škoda Rapid's stable handling greatly contributes to active safety. Its long wheelbase, precise chassis and its stiff body structure form the basis for good driving dynamics and setup. The Škoda Rapid's chassis has been precisely laid out to the demands of the A segment and will provide high agility in curves while preserving ample ride comfort. The combination of optimally-distributed vehicle's low weight, and modern, powerful TSI and TDI engines results in extremely agile handling. The car's excellent aerodynamics is also noteworthy.

The front wheels are suspended by wishbones and McPherson struts. A robust cross stabiliser with a diameter of 20 mm provides load balancing and limits body inclination. Rear suspension is a compound-link crank axle, the tubular stabiliser has a dimension of 18×3 mm. As an option, the Škoda Rapid is available with a rough-roads package. This raise the chassis by 15 mm at the front and by 12 mm at the rear. A skid plate protects the engine and the transmission from damage on ground contact when driving in rutted terrain. Also, all versions feature a "cW package' which prevents vortices underneath the car liable to increase drag, but also provides protection to the underbody.

Active safety is enhanced by additional systems available optionally. For instance, the Škoda Rapid can be fitted with "corner function" fog lamps. Here, turning the steering wheel automatically switch on the left or right fog lamp, improving the driver's sight and the car's visibility. The tyre pressure monitor will recognise loss of air, triggering a warning sound and a warning light to alert the driver. "Hill-Hold-Control" (HHC), another option, also increases active safety. The system permits starting up a slope without danger of rolling back. No operation of the hand brake is necessary as HHC automatically activate it for about two seconds when switched on in case of a slope of more than three per cent.

The Rapid also features a rich passive safety package. In the event of a collision, different systems cooperate to minimise the risk of injury to driver and passengers. All occupants are protected by adjustable-height three-point safety belts with tighteners. Within just a few milliseconds, these tighteners will eliminate any slack in the belts. Force limiters then prevent excessive strain in occupants' chest areas. Front and side airbags cushion their torsos. The front passenger seat airbag can be deactivated in case a baby carrier is being transported. Large head airbags protect front seat and lateral rear seat passengers' heads in case of a side impact. In such events, the airbags inflate from out of the roof covering in front of the side window. Isofix child seats can be anchored by apposite fasteners, as can be TopTether protectors. Both of these firmly fasten child seats to the car.

In an accident and on inflation of airbags, the fuel supply automatically cut off, as selected electrical circuits, reducing the risk of seeping fuel catching fire. The central locking systems release the door locks, easing passengers' way out of the car. The car's interior lights will switch on automatically, helping occupants find their way in the dark, while hazard flashers will also automatically activate to warn oncoming traffic. As a matter of course, the Škoda Rapid is also very well equipped to reduce pedestrian injuries to a minimum given that it meets the European Union's demanding Phase 2 pedestrian protection requirements.

In a collision, the Rapid's extraordinarily stiff body provides excellent deformation behaviour in the front end. The result is that the passenger cabin will remain largely intact and stable. Impacting forces deflected and thus neutralised via defined load paths.

Broad engine offering: powerful and efficient
Six different EU-5 engines available for the Škoda Rapid, including four petrol and two diesel versions. The Rapid comes with engines putting out between 55 kW and 90 kW - from a three-cylinder MPI via a fourcylinder TSI to a four-cylinder common-rail diesel, manual transmissions being available as is a DSG doubleclutch transmission.

From market launch in autumn of 2012, selected Green tec variants part of the offering. In the 1.6 l 77 kW diesel, the Green tec package will result in an excellent CO2 emission figure of only 104 g/km. For the four-cylinder TSI, the figure is 124 g/km.

The entry-level petrol engine is the three-cylinder 55 kW (75 hp) 1.2 l MPI with a combined mileage of 6.1 l/100 km and emissions of 137 g CO2 per km. Optimised engine setup and modifications to the intake manifold and exhaust have permitted raising the engine's power compared to the one available in other Škoda models.

The next level in petrol engines is the 1.2 l 63 kW (86 hp) TSI with a mileage of 5.1 l/100 km and CO2 emissions of 119 g/km. These two 1.2 l engines come with a manual transmission.

A more powerful variant is the 1.2 l 77 kW (105 hp) TSI, emitting 125 g CO2 per km and consuming 5.4 l/100 km. This engine comes with a manual six-speed transmission.

The top-of-the-line petrol engine is the 1.4 l 90 kW (122 hp) TSI, consuming 5.8 l/100 km and producing CO2 emissions of 134 g/km. This engine comes with the automatic seven-speed DSG double-clutch transmission.

The 1.6 litre diesel engine operates with common-rail injection, is fitted with a particulate-matter filter and will be available in two performance variants: the basic diesel version puts out 66 kW (90 hp) and will be available in the second half of 2013, with the seven-speed DSG on offer as an option. The more powerful 1.6 TDI will put out 77 kW (105 hp) (114 g CO2-emissions per km, fuel consumption 4.4 l/100 km) and will be available from market launch.

The Škoda Rapid's five Green tec versions (three petrol, two diesel) are extremely efficient. Four variants come to market in 2012. Green tec will be available for the 1.2 TSI/63 kW, 1.2 TSI/77 kW and 1.4 TSI/90 kW petrol engines as well as for the two diesel variants. A combination of start-stop automation, kinetic energy recuperation and tyres optimised for low rolling resistance results in a fuel savings potential of between five and eight per cent. This makes the Škoda Rapid one of the most economical and fuel-efficient compact saloons on the market. The Green tec models' CO2 emission is between 104 g/km and 124 g/km, mileage is between 3.9 and 5.3 litres of fuel.

The most important technological step in reducing fuel consumption significantly is the start-stop system. This is especially effective in pure urban driving. In idle phases as when the car is stopped at a red light, the engine switch itself off automatically and thus not consume any fuel. All the driver needs to do to achieve this is to slow down to a halt, shift into neutral and take the foot off the clutch (or step on the brake in case of an automatic transmission). As soon as the driver presses the clutch (or releases the brake), the engine will restart automatically.

Recuperation is another intelligent function. Here, energy employed to drive the car is used as efficiently as possible. Whenever the driver decelerates or brakes - during coasting and braking phases - the generator's voltage is raised and used to reload the car's battery. On later acceleration or when driving at constant speed, the generator's voltage can be lowered again, easing the load on the engine and reducing fuel consumption. In addition, a fully charged battery will power the car's network during the engine's stopped phases. Recuperation involves special energy management software and modified software for the engine's management.

A CENTRAL PILLAR OF THE 2018 GROWTH STRATEGY
The Škoda Rapid is a central pillar of Škoda's growth strategy. The new compact saloon will play an important role in generating the growth forecast by the company from the present through the year 2018, by which time the brand intends to sell more than 1.5 million cars worldwide. Autumn 2012 will see the market launch of the brand's seventh model line in Central and Western Europe. At the same time, the new model is also a global project: in China, the Rapid will be sold from the year 2013 in a locally adapted version. The Indian version of Škoda Rapid was launched at the end of 2011.

Market
Today, Škoda is one of the strongest suppliers of compact cars, the so-called A segment, in important markets. In the new Škoda Rapid, the company will now be offering another attractive automobile to fit between the Škoda Fabia and Octavia models. "The Rapid will perfectly complement our model line-up and target customers looking for an attractive and roomy car in between the Fabia and the Octavia," says Škoda CEO Winfried Vahland. "As an additional offering in the compact car segment and thus in one the largestvolume vehicle class of all, our model is a central pillar of our growth strategy and will provide lasting strength to our good position on international markets," says Vahland.

In 2011, around 18.5 million compact cars were sold. In Eastern Central Europe alone, their share, split up into hatchback, notchback, fastback and estate, currently is 43 per cent of the total market, in Western Europe, it is about 37 per cent. By the year 2020, experts estimate the market for compact cars in Western Europe to grow by almost 15 per cent in volume, with growth reaching as much as 75 per cent in Eastern Europe. Within this class, saloons have a share of around 42 per cent. Industry experts estimate the number of cars of this type sold worldwide rise by about 50 per cent by the year 2020.

The car launched successively on European markets from autumn of this year. First will be customers in the Czech Republic, where the car will be available from early October 2012. Next will be Germany from mid-October 2012 and other European markets from late 2012. Market launch of the Škoda Rapid will continue in Europe in early 2013. The Škoda Rapid will be produced at Škoda's main plant in Mladá Boleslav (Czech Republic).

The Škoda Rapid also play an outstanding role in securing Škoda's further growth in China. From 2013, a Chinese variant built by Shanghai Volkswagen available, making the Rapid the fifth Škoda model line to be sold in China after the Fabia, Octavia, Superb and Yeti (Škoda's SUV also launch in China in 2013), further bolstering the brand's growth in China.

e company's 2018 growth strategy and will be phased in on European markets from the autumn of 2012.

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Smart Four Joy Concept, 2013

 

 

 

•  Smart Four Joy Concept, 2013

With its compact dimensions (length/width/height: 3494/1978/1494 milli metres) and a turning circle of 9.1 metres the smart fourjoy boasts the agility typical of the brand and is able to show off its strengths, especially in cities around the world. And thanks to the state-of-the-art electric drive with a 55 kW magneto-electric motor the zero-local-emission smart fourjoy offers agile driving performance without any shift delays.

More than 2 seats are also fully in keeping with the smart brand experience: the smart four joy proves this. The study has all the typical smart attributes and embodies pure carefree enjoyment of urban life. The compact 4-seater is the forerunner of a new smart generation and is celebrating its world premiere at the 2013 International Motor Show in Frankfurt.

No doors, no rear window and an open roof - the smart four joy dispenses with unnecessary ballast. At the same time this gives viewers an unhindered view of the futuristic interior with its striking rear seat bench in the style of lounge furniture. This means that the vehicle has ample space for four people.

Numerous design elements are a reference to the first smart model series. These include the extremely short overhangs, the wheels positioned on the four most outer points, the tail lights integrated in the sturdy tridion cell and the spherical instrument cluster.

The exterior: polished aluminium meets white pearlescent paintwork
The study shows that smart is becoming more grown-up. The deliberately three-dimensional, upright front gives it a very expressive appearance that greets the viewer with a fresh smile that is both friendly and assertive. The smart four joy proudly displays the large brand emblem on the front grille. The honeycomb structure of the air inlets on the front and the convex and sensuously shaped body surfaces emphasise the family relationship to the studies smart for-us (Detroit 2012) and smart for stars (Paris 2012).

The extremely pronounced tridion cell is a new feature. On the study it is made of polished full-aluminium and its brilliant bright lustre finish emphasises the premium character of the brand.

The raised smart lettering milled from aluminium on the side skirts is a further sign of the top quality. The pearlescent white on the bumpers, front bonnet and tailgate provides a contrast to the aluminium of the tridion cell. The door mirrors "float" on an aluminium stele.

A look back to the future: as with the first-generation smart fortwo the rear lights are integrated in the tridion cell. Like turbines, cubes have been incorporated into the plexiglass there. The headlamps do not have a glass cover and this reinforces the three-dimensional impression of the U-shaped daytime running lights. LEDs are exclusively fitted in the front and tail lights.

Transparent petroleum-coloured moulded parts emphasise the upbeat character of the study. They are found in the wind deflector at the top of the front windscreen, on the A-pillars on the sides and on the rear roof spoiler. The function and colour are reminiscent of 1990s tennis caps.

The interior: futuristic lounge seats for four
Without doors, a rear window or roof panel the smart fourjoy really brings the city inside. Elements that connect the exterior and the interior are the handles for driver and passenger on the side sills and the openings in the roof structure.

The most striking interior features are the two futuristic-looking front seats and the rear seat bench with a similar design. With their organic, sculptural shape they are reminiscent of modern lounge furniture.

The seat shell has a harmonious design. The rear of the seats is made of dark chrome. A piping-like line winds around the sides of the seats with the same petroleum colour as the plexiglass accents on the exterior. Perforated and smooth surfaces alternate on the vehicle floor. As the floor is dark the seats seem to float.

The seats and the instrument panel are supported by a continuous central structure. It features a convex surface with touch-sensitive operating functions.

The instrument panel gives the impression of depth, and with a honeycomb structure and fading it takes up two themes of the exterior. The solid instrument panel support is made of transparent, illuminated plexiglass into which apertures have been milled. The striking multidimensional honeycomb structure was created by moulding on white plastic with a pearlescent effect in these areas. The design of the spherical instrument cluster and the single-spoke steering wheel are reminiscent of the original smart. Two smartphones are mounted on the dashboard and on the centre tunnel at the rear for cutting-edge connectivity and tailor-made entertainment for all four passengers.

The drive: driving fun with zero local emissions
The electric drive housed at the rear is based on the current smart for two electric drive. Thanks to the 55 kW magneto-electric motor the smart four joy is agile and lively to drive.

The lithium-ion battery has a capacity of 17.6 kWh. When completely empty it takes a maximum of seven hours to fully charge the battery at a household socket or charging station on the electricity systems of most countries, i.e. overnight. The charging time at a wall box or public charging station can be shortened to less than one hour with the 22 kW on-board charger and a rapid charging cable.

For the last mile: electric skateboards and helmets
Two long boards are fastened on the roof of the smart four joy. With these electrically driven skateboards it is possible to cover short distances in the city without producing any local emissions.

Helmets are stowed under the rear seats. A high-definition camera that is simple to remove is also attached here. This enables long board riding to be filmed and subsequently shared with friends on social networks.

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Subaru Forester, 2014

 

 

 

 Subaru Forester, 2014

Since its launch in 1997, the Forester has been acclaimed world-wide for its driveability and riding comfort with rugged rough-road capability and utility with superior maneuverability.

The fourth generation Subaru Forester was developed with the goal to maximize its value as a true SUV. The all-new Forester enhances basic vehicle performance such as driving, safety and environmental friendliness and features Subaru's unique Symmetrical AWD (All-Wheel Drive) system at its core. In addition to that, the Forester's user-friendly utilities and fun-to-drive characteristic with stress-free driving were further improved.

Subaru's brand statement "Confidence in Motion" is the foundation of the brand's automobile development. Subaru is committed to engineering excellence and "Enjoyment and Peace of Mind" and to create products in harmony with customer lifestyles and values. The new Forester is also a product embodying Subaru's brand direction.

Subaru defines the value of a true SUV as : providing user-friendly versatile utilities ; fun-to-drive character and ride comfort for long distances, even under harsh conditions; and stress-free driving. To realize this, both driving performance and ride quality were highly improved by adopting Subaru's latest technologies together with the enhanced body rigidity.

Excellent fuel efficiency and safety performance realize a "Peace of Mind" driving experience. Interior comfort and functionality have been further refined to provide a vehicle that is "fun-to-use" as an SUV. While maintaining a high-level of basic vehicle performance, a new AWD control system delivers not only "fun to drive" characteristics but comfortable and confident driving in all road conditions.

Exterior Design
The all-new Forester was designed with SUV-like powerful eye-catching looks while considering better aerodynamics and functionality.

Front fascia expresses "Sportiness, Ruggedness, Peace of Mind and Confidence". The "2.0XT", direct injection turbo engine model, employs exclusive front design, accentuating its sportiness.

By extending the bottom end of the A-pillar 200 mm forward than the previous model, an elegant form has been achieved.

Designs of the front section, door panels and a rear gate express massive and powerful images. The wheel arch and wheel designs project a greater road presence and off-road capability.

Interior Design
The interior design suggests spaciousness as well as boldness and provides a powerful look as a SUV, with a quality feel due to its sophisticated shape and soft touch materials.

The instrument panel is styled to add to the spacious atmosphere.

Soft touch materials enhance the feeling of quality in the cabin.

Packaging / Utility
The cabin design was carefully considered for greater comfort and utility for all passengers.

Both roominess and a sense of openness have been achieved by redesigning the cabin , each pillar's location and floor shape in the rear section. Seating positions were also totally reviewed to provide better visibility to all passengers, compared to the previous model.

By enlarging the cargo space and rear gate opening, better utility of the cargo space has been achieved.

A new "clean side sill" design protects passengers from dirt, when getting in and out of a car by keeping the sill clean.

Wider door openings and lower side sills vastly improve ingress and egress of passengers.

A multifunction display monitor shows details of the vehicle's driving conditions to support fuel-efficient and safe driving.

Sturdy and functional roof rails are optional.
Hill start assist function has also been adopted. When the vehicle stops on any hill, braking will be kept to maintain vehicle's position temporarily as the driver takes off the brake. Due to this function, driver can easily start the vehicle on a slope.

A powerlift tailgate allows automatic opening and closing. The opening height of the tailgate can be adjusted so that the tailgate does not hit a garage ceiling, for example. Obstacles can also be detected during opening and closing.

Driveability
The layout of Subaru Symmetrical AWD system with low center of gravity and superior weight balance has embodied compliant ride quality in various road conditions.

By combining the new generation Boxer engine with Lineartronic, both high engine output and good fuel efficiency have been achieved.

Further increased rigidity of body and chassis provides comfortable driving with "Peace of Mind" for every driver.

2.0-liter, DOHC, Horizontally-Opposed, 4-cylinder, petrol engine

A new generation Boxer engine achieves both fast engine response and high fuel efficiency.

Improved low to mid speed torque was adopted with a focus on manageability in practical use.

2.0-liter, DOHC, Horizontally-Opposed, Direct Injection Turbocharged, 4-cylinder, petrol engine "DIT"

Subaru's own direct injection turbo technology was adopted for the new generation Boxer engine. By injecting fuel directly into cylinders, combustion efficiency was improved, resulting in both high engine output and fuel efficiency.

By employing the newly developed twin scroll type turbo charger with superior response at low engine speed, high performance with high engine output and torque was achieved at 206kW (280PS) and 350Nm @ 2000rpm. It also has good environmental friendliness.

Transmission - Lineartronic (CVT)
Further advancing the benefits of Chain-driven CVT such as lightness, compactness, superior fuel efficiency and wide ratio coverage, Subaru has adopted a CVT with improved driveability and environmental friendliness by optimizing the parts and layouts.

The new Lineartronic was applied for higher torque of the newly developed 2.0-liter Horizontally-Opposed direct injection turbo engine. Some parts such as the torque converter and chains were modified to endure high performance of the direct injection turbo engine.

Body & chassis
In pursuit of a linear response and secure driveability while absorbing any road surface irregularities, the rigidity of key points in chassis & body have been improved. Agile handling, comfortable driving and noise reduction have been achieved while body roll was minimized.

The chassis was tuned exclusively for the turbo-charged model. Suspension rigidity was reinforced for better stability during high speed driving. Vehicle sway was minimized due to damper tuning and enlarged stabilizer diameter, turbo models offer superior stability when changing lanes and cornering.

X-MODE
The new AWD control system "X-MODE" has been developed for the driving on uneven or slippery road condition. Engine, Transmission and VDC are controlled cooperatively.

The system simulates various road conditions. By pushing "X-MODE" button, any driver can use the system easily and make the vehicle stable.

The system also has the hill descent control mode which can maintain the same vehicle speed when driving down a steep hill.

SI-DRIVE
SI-DRIVE which is effective for both driving pleasure and fuel-efficient driving was adopted. It has "Intelligent mode" and "Sports mode". Driver can use either of them as the situation demands. The SI-DRIVE switch was equipped on the steering for easy operation.

The "SI-DRIVE" was finely tuned for the models with DIT engine. It has "Intelligent mode", "Sports mode" and "S# (Sports sharp) mode". In case of Sport# (S#) mode, the driver can shift between 8 steps. In addition to the smooth shift change of the CVT, the driver can enjoy sportier driving by selecting the mode with direct feeling like AT or MT vehicles.

Safety
Subaru's unique driving assist system "EyeSight (version II)" is available for both Turbo and Non-turbo models.

By using high tensile steel effectively for the body structure, the body has been reduced in weight while attaining high rigidity. Superior crash safety performance has also been achieved.

Environmental friendliness
Adoption of the new generation Boxer engine and Lineartronic; enhanced aerodynamic performance; and Auto Start Stop system improved fuel efficiency.

A multifunction display monitor shows the condition of fuel consumption to support fuel-efficient driving.

The fuel efficiency of the models equipped with the Lineartronic achieved the 2015 Japanese fuel standards.

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Suzuki SX4, 2014

 

 

 

 

 

•  Suzuki SX4, 2014

Design
The new Suzuki SX4 Crossover's design embodies three key themes: emotion, quality and aerodynamics. Aerodynamics which improve fuel economy, a bold, characteristic crossover shape, dynamic lines and numerous sophisticated touches all combine to create a highly distinctive look. A sharp body line, wheel arch mouldings, skid plates and integrated roof rails emphasise the crossover styling.

Suzuki created the new Suzuki SX4 Crossover by uniting its compact car know-how with technologies honed for sport utility vehicles. As a result of focussing on giving the new SX4 Crossover distinctive crossover styling, class leading space for passengers and luggage, next generation 4WD performance and one of the lowest CO2 emissions in the segment, it achieves a remarkable combination of styling, utility, performance and fuel economy. It is a model which can offer great driving enjoyment and versatile family usage for even more people in an even wider range of situations.

Suzuki Motor Corporation has unveiled its all-new SX4 Crossover at the 2013 Geneva International Motor Show. The new Suzuki SX4 Crossover is a production model based on the S-Cross, which Suzuki showcased at the 2012 Paris Motor Show.

Suzuki's designers and engineers began developing the new model as a successor to the current SX4. However, through the pursuit of responding to customer expectations with regard to crossovers in Europe and other parts of the world, they realised that they needed to "think bigger". While moving into the C segment with its increased size, the new model inherits the "SX4" emblem to show that Suzuki (represented by the letter "S") is a pioneer of both crossover and four-wheel drive (indicated by the "X" and "4" respectively).
 

Suzuki will be building the new SX4 Crossover at the Magyar Suzuki plant in Hungary and the car will be on sale from this autumn onwards. Magyar Suzuki plays an important role as Suzuki's European production centre. The launch of the new SX4 Crossover marks the start of an expansion programme in which Magyar Suzuki will extend its exports to more countries, increase its production volume, and establish itself as an important manufacturing base for Suzuki's global strategy.

Exterior design
Emotionally appealing features include modulated lines running along the sides from front bumper to rear combination lamps, plus a rounded bonnet which conveys a sense of strength and solidity.

Quality
Quality features include chrome items at the front; LED daytime running lamps in the headlamps; boldly contoured shoulders along the side lines; and two part rear combination lamps.

Aerodynamics
Aerodynamics are expressed and achieved in every area of the design, such as the roof line which slopes downwards towards the rear; smooth contours across the side of the body; a modulated line running from front to rear; low drag wheels and door mirrors.

Interior design
Emotionally appealing features include an instrument panel which is shaped to give a sense of width and dynamism.

Quality
The contours of the instrument panel overlap the doors and the soft padding is pleasant to touch. The seats are shaped and stitched to convey a sense of sophistication, while the silver decorations create a sporty look against the black interior.

Exterior colours
A range of 10 exterior colours includes two new options which highlight the new Suzuki SX4 Crossover's urban credentials.

Crystal Lime Metallic
This new colour brings a hint of the countryside to the city and a hint of the city to the countryside. People who see the car have a lasting impression of vivid greenness.

Amethyst Grey Pearl Metallic
A new deep and lustrous grey, with a touch of amethyst evoking a spark in darkness.

Performance
The new SX4 Crossover's performance results from an exceptional combination of attributes: 4WD SUV capability; great handling - derived from the Swift; pleasant, straight runningstability thanks to a long wheelbase; low CO2 emissions and fuel consumption - fulfilling the global needs for environmental compatibility.

Engines and transmission systems
The new Suzuki SX4 Crossover's powertrain technologies ensure environmental compatibility while delivering all the performance needed in a C segment crossover.

1.6-litre petrol engine
The 1.6-litre petrol engine is based on the current M16A. Lower friction and lower weight in the engine and related parts heighten fuel economy without detracting from the high power and torque of the M16A.

1.6-litre diesel engine
Lightness and low friction help to give the 1.6-litre diesel engine superior fuel economy. A variable geometry turbocharger ensures plenty of torque from the low end of the rev range, so the driver can enjoy powerful, perfect torque performance at all times. A newly designed sound insulating engine cover increases passenger comfort by suppressing the vibration and noise that characterise diesel engines.

Transmission systems
Transmission systems designed for the new Suzuki SX4 Crossover help to improve performance and fuel economy and ensure the type of easy, sporty gear shifting which makes driving so enjoyable.

Manual transmission
A five-speed manual transmission is available with the 1.6-litre petrol engine. Optimised gear ratios boost performance and fuel economy. And heightened rigidity in the transmission case suppresses noise and vibration to make driving more relaxing. A six-speed manual transmission is mated to the 1.6-litre diesel engine. Optimised gear ratios increase fuel economy.

CVT transmission
The continuously variable transmission (CVT) has an auxiliary transmission which extends the range of gear ratios for an outstanding combination of acceleration, hill climbing performance and fuel economy. A straight shift gate provides ease of use. Plus, a seven speed manual mode allows the driver to shift up and down using paddles without letting go of the steering wheel.

Environmental performance
Suzuki developed the new SX4 Crossover to have remarkably low CO2 emissions for a C segmentcrossover. An Engine Auto Start Stop (EASS) system further increases fuel economy, limits exhaust emissions, and makes driving more pleasurable by limiting noise and vibration.

Safety
The new Suzuki SX4 Crossover gives both drivers and passengers peace of mind in everyday motoring by means of its superior stability and comprehensive active and passive safety facilities. It also incorporates a range of standard safety features which protect pedestrians.      

Comfort and convenience
A spacious, airy cabin and a generously sized luggage area ensure convenience and comfort for the whole family during day-to-day commutes and extended weekend trips.

Cabin and luggage area
4,300mm overall length and a 2,600mm wheelbase allow plenty of cabin space; the distance between front and rear occupants is 814mm.

The front seatbacks are shaped to give rear passengers plenty of knee clearance. Even long journeys are relaxing. And even with the rear seat in an upright position, the new SX4 Crossover is a class leader in terms of luggage capacity (430 litres).

The rear seat and a luggage board can be repositioned to accommodate different kinds of luggage, making the new Suzuki SX4 Crossover ideal for families.

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Tesla Model X Prototype, 2012

 

 

 

 

•  Tesla Model X Prototype, 2012

The Tesla Model X is an all electric SUV scheduled for early 2014. It is equipped with unique Falcon Wing doors that open up and out of the way, allowing one to stand up in the second row and step directly to the third row. Built on the same platform as Model S, but with a longer wheelbase, Model X has approximately the same external dimensions of an Audi Q7. On the inside, however, Model X has 40% more room than a Q7 and is capable of carrying both seven large adults and considerable luggage.

It offer dual motor all wheel drive for superior all-weather driving and the option of a 60 or 85 kWh battery. The Model X Performance version accelerate from 0 to 60 miles per hour in 4.4 seconds. This would make Model X faster than many sports cars, including the Porsche 911 Carrera. Matched with superior handling resulting from its low center of gravity, Model X offer a remarkable combination of functionality, style and performance.

Tesla's touchscreen, the 17" in-dash display that includes driver controls, vehicle apps, web connectivity and onboard charging are included in Model X.

Model X priced competitively with other premium SUVs. It built at the Tesla Factory in Fremont, CA. Production begins at the end of 2013, deliveries begin early 2014, with volumes targeted at 10,000-15,000 units per year.

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Toyota Avalon, 2013

 

 

 

 

•  Toyota Avalon, 2013

The Toyota has dramatically altered the chemistry of Toyota Avalon's formula, creating a new potent and persuasive sedan that helps shift the product's generational appeal while symbolizing Toyota's exciting new design and product direction for future sedans.

The all-new 2013 Toyota Avalon combine passionate styling, innovation, and an elevated level of craftsmanship to help reposition Toyota's flagship sedan within the highly competitive premium mid-size segment.

Exterior
For the mission of re-positioning the Toyota Avalon brand and shifting consumer perception of the sedan, Calty fashioned an exterior that offers a much more athletic expression in sheet metal. The new Avalon sedan represents a dramatic styling departure from previous Avalon models.

The 2013 Avalon's elegant and athletic design offers a longer flowing roofline creating a more appealing side silhouette with a lower vehicle beltline that suggests a sense of motion with a road holding stance. Its chiseled shoulder line sculpted into side sheet metal starts over the front wheels and creates a strong, fluid body side design cue adding to its athletic stance. The new Toyota Avalon exterior is designed to communicate a greater sense of performance and agility to better match the car's vastly enhanced dynamic capability.

Compared to the 2012 model, the new Avalon offers more compact and athletic exterior dimensions and with a greater styling sophistication that does not sacrifice interior comfort. The vehicle's stance has also been improved with more taut and compact exterior dimensions. Overall height has been reduced by 0.98 inch (25 mm) while the overhangs have been reduced by 0.59 inch (15 mm) at the front and 1.77 inches (45 mm) at the rear. Filling the wheel well, the gap between the body and the tires has been reduced by 0.27 inch (7 mm) compared to the previous Toyota Avalon model. The new Avalon's visual stance has been further enhanced by 1.29-inch (33 mm) reduction in width of the rear side rails surrounding the rear glass to tighten the proportions of the greenhouse. Vehicle tread has been increased by 0.39 inch (10 mm) at the front and 0.59 inch (15 mm) at the rear, widening the wheel placement underneath the more athletic Avalon body.

Keeping with the more athletic and expressive design theme, the new Avalon's exterior lighting compliments the design lines. The industry-first Quadrabeam™ headlight cluster utilizes a sleek and compact double-eye PES headlight design with two square glass condenser lenses that have been adopted for the low beams and offer outstanding lighting performance. Halogen and High Intensity Discharge (HID) bulbs are available for low beam double-eye PES front lamps. Available Daytime Running Lights (DRL's) using six high- performance LEDs bulbs are available lending a distinct, more modern image to the front of the vehicle.

A stronger, more expressive front-fascia design with larger grille opening creates an aggressive appearance while enhancing cooling air flow and pedestrian impact protection. The new Avalon's exterior turn-signal indicators have been located at the lower section of the front bumper to contribute to the slim and sleek appearance. The 2013 Avalon's sleek and sculpted rear tail lights utilize LED lamps to help ensure visibility and reduce the gap of unlit dark area between the trunk and rear quarter panel.

The more sculpted, athletic exterior design also helps the new Toyota Avalon cut through the wind with a low 0.28 coefficient of drag that helps fuel efficiency and on-road stability. The rear tapering design of the new Avalon body and the floor under covers help enhance vehicle stability at speed while improving airflow. The Avalon side mirrors offer improved aerodynamics to help reduce wind noise while also offering a weight reduction of 14.6 ounces (415 grams) compared to the outgoing model. The side mirrors alone help reduce the co-efficient of drag by 0.001 compared to the previous model. These new aerodynamic side mirrors offer features such as; a turn signal lamp, electrical adjustment, a mirror heater, memory positioning, a puddle lamp, available Blind Spot Monitor indicator, and electro-chromatic glass. Also, the new Avalon is equipped with a new, lighter weight, more aerodynamic wiper design that stays in contact with the window longer. The new Toyota Avalon's rear valance houses stainless steel dual exhaust outlets integrated into the body.

The hybrid model is distinguished by blue-trimmed Toyota emblems at the front and rear of the vehicle. In addition to unique hybrid badges located on the trunk lid, front doors and a hidden exhaust outlet. The new 2013 Avalon will launch with two new colors, Moulin Rouge Mica and Champagne Mica, to compliment overall color choices for consumers.

Interior
The all-new 2013 Avalon's Calty-designed interior elaborates on the exterior's elegant, athletic theme to create a premium interior experience that combines high technology and craftsmanship with an artistic level of sculpted surfaces. Looking outside the cabin, the sculpted dash panel and its concave surfaces in front of the passenger help add to the sense of the cabin spaciousness. This panel is covered in supple, hand-stitched premium soft-touch material with the seam adding some creative flair as it goes across the dash panel. The broad, low and layered dash-board design helps divide the panel area into a balance between an intimate driver space, with focused angles on the meter, and a wide open passenger space.

The instrument panel has been widened by 1.18 inches (30 mm) in the upper region and 2.56 inches (65 mm) in the lower region compared to the outgoing model, helping enhance the interior's spaciousness. The driver is engaged by an Optitron-type combination meter, which produces a sharp, high quality display and 3.5-inch Thin-film Transistor (TFT) color multi-information display. The Avalon Hybrid's display features a needle-type Hybrid System Indicator, which displays hybrid power output and regeneration. An Eco area on the dial display helps show when the vehicle is being driven in an Eco-sensitive manner, and it can help guide a driver's throttle input to develop economical driving habits.

The new Toyota Avalon's interior surfaces are finished in premium materials such as hand sewn soft-touch material for the dash panel, unique smoke chrome trim surrounding the center panel, and high-quality glossy panel trim around the shifter. All of this attention to detail to touch surfaces and subtle enhancements to texture and visual appeal are aimed at elevating the overall interior experience for driver and passengers. Extensive use of soft-touch materials helps enhance the interior's feeling of quality and comfort. A generous, dense-foam support is used beneath the supple soft-touch material covering many of the interior's touch surfaces, while a soft-skin surface with a deep foam construction is used for many of the dash surfaces to create a greater sense of tactile quality.

The 2013 Avalon's interior surfaces are available in three color themes: almond to help create a warm elegant, luxurious atmosphere; light grey that stays cooler and creates a modern interior space; and black that offers a greater sense of driving performance.

The new Avalon's front seats offer revised side bolstering using a lighter, denser foam material that helps improve body positioning for driver and passenger. In keeping with the road-trip oriented nature of this premium sedan, the seats still offer a high level of comfort and support for longer travels. As for adjustment, Avalon's seats are available as either 10-way or eight-way power adjustable for the driver's seat, and available 8-way and 4-way adjustment for the passenger seat. Compared to the seats in the outgoing model, the new Toyota Avalon seats offer 0.40 inch (10 mm) more seat-length adjustment toward the rear limit and 0.40 inch (10 mm) more seat height adjustment. The driver's seat incorporates a seat-cushion length extender available on the 10-way adjustable seat. A pneumatic four-way lumbar support is built into the driver's seat and a two-way lumbar support for the passenger. An electric seat heater and seat ventilation system have been adopted to help enhance driver and passenger seat comfort.

The 2013 Toyota Avalon's rear seats offer improved body retention with better side bolster support and also offer available rear-seat heating. Avalon seating surfaces are covered with a medium grain, genuine leather material or available premium leather with a finer grain.

The door panels are designed to help enhance the elegant nature of the interior while offering improved armrest comfort by incorporating foam that is 0.23 inch (6 mm) thicker than on the previous model. The door panel is also covered by durable synthetic leather with ornate stitching that matches the armrests. The available door panel pull cups are made of a premium soft-touch material, and LED lighting illuminates the door panel's controls. Smoked chrome bezels and plated accents adorn the inside door handles and power window switch bezels to help improve appearance. The power-window actuation is handled by a variable-rate window motor that slows the window as it approaches the top of the window frame to help reduce wind noise and add refinement. All four of the new Avalon's power windows are equipped with a window obstruction feature that reverses window operation when an object is detected.

Beyond styling, the Avalon interior remains highly functional with abundant and improved storage space. Located beneath the HVAC controls in the center console is the eBin™ electronics storage tray. This new tray design allows storage for two devices (cellphones or iPod for instance) side-by-side on a premium, higher friction surface. Charging jacks are located below the tray that can be opened and closed with cables passing neatly through the cable slot cut into the bottom of the tray. The tray is also illuminated by LED light for improved night visibility managing cables. Beneath this tray is an electronics storage box where devices can also be stored completely out of sight while charging. Two DC 12V power outlets, an AUX and a USB jack are accessible in the storage box.

For the Toyota Avalon Limited, the two chrome-decorated cup holders located in the center console are lit by LED ambient lighting. The lighting volume for the cup holders can be adjusted in three levels by operating the switch on the overhead console.

A large-capacity rear console box is big enough to store a tissue box and also includes a detachable sliding tray to store smaller items. The convenient sliding armrest lid covering the storage box offers up to 1.61 inches (41 mm) of travel to more comfortably function as an armrest, and can be opened and closed in any position. The storage box also contains another 12V DC outlet to facilitate charging or powering accessories. To the left of the steering wheel is a coin box that can be actuated by push button control and utilizes a damper mechanism to help achieve smoother opening and closing. The new Avalon is equipped with a 0.24-cu.-ft. (6.9-liter) glove box with detachable tray can be locked with a key for security. The glove box is illuminated with LED light. The 2013 Avalon offers 16.0-cu. ft. of luggage capacity for the gasoline model and 14.0 cubic feet for the Avalon Hybrid model.

Powertrains
A primary focus for the new Toyota Avalon was to enhance its dynamic character while maintaining superior fuel economy. The challenge was met by the TTC engineering team by utilizing a proven V6 to achieve better performance with superior fuel economy, and also creating the first Avalon Hybrid. The gas-powered Avalon features a powerful, all-aluminum 3.5-liter V6 engine mated to a conventional six-speed automatic transmission. Avalon Hybrid is equipped with a modified version of the 2.5-liter Hybrid Synergy Drive system that also propels the Camry Hybrid.

V6 Engine
The Avalon utilizes a 3.5-liter, 90-degree, DOHC, six-cylinder engine that features Dual VVT-i (Variable Valve Timing with intelligence) to help offer superior power and efficiency by optimizing the intake and exhaust valve events to increase engine performance across the entire rev range. This robust V6 produces 268 horsepower at 6,200 rpm and 248 lbs.-ft. of torque at 4,700 rpm, and provides the new Toyota Avalon with competitive acceleration and a 0-to-60 mph time estimated at less than seven seconds. The fact that this brisk acceleration occurs with a more fuel-economy friendly 3.23-to-1 final drive ratio as compared to a 3.54 final drive ratio on the outgoing model is testament to the Avalon's weight reduction and improved drivetrain tuning.

The V6-powered Avalon features a hydraulic automatic transmission that has been optimized for improved fuel economy and performance from a lightweight front-wheel-drive transaxle. The transmission can be shifted from D mode into S mode on the shift gate, where shifts can be actuated with + or - shifts of the lever. The Sport mode adopts highly responsive upshift control and throttle blipping downshift control, which are adopted for quicker shifting performance. Steering-wheel-mounted paddle shifters help actuate fast, responsive shifts while keeping both hands on the wheel. The transmission response is further enhanced by utilization of a faster-locking torque converter that locks up early even in second gear. The transmission is also kept at an optimal temperature for consistent performance with an automatic transmission fluid warmer. The shift gate is actuated by a lever and shift knob that is covered by either standard leather or premium leather.

The V6-powered gasoline Avalon offers three drive modes: Eco, Normal and Sport. The Eco Mode prioritizes fuel efficiency by balancing driving performance, air conditioning function and fuel efficiency. It reduces driving force when accelerating at low speeds to enhance fuel efficiency. Sport mode helps create a more engaging driving experience by enhancing the Electric Power Steering effort and a more direct, responsive steering feel. It also adjusts throttle response to help increase the sensation of the engine's torque response during acceleration.

The gasoline drivetrain offers superior efficiency and performance for a premium mid-size sedan, with an EPA-rated 25 mpg combined (21 city/31 hwy). When equipped with the 18-inch wheel combination, the 2013 Avalon is EPA-rated at 24 mpg combined.

Hybrid Synergy Drive
The Toyota Avalon's Hybrid Synergy Drive uses a 2.5-liter four-cylinder employing the Atkinson cycle to postpone closure of the intake valves and delay the compression cycle, helping reduce intake and exhaust energy losses to improve fuel efficiency. Engine efficiency is further enhanced by using a roller-rocker valvetrain, a variable output oil pump, and an electric water pump to reduce frictional losses. The engine also features VVT-i on the intake side and a revised combustion chamber shape for the Atkinson application. The gasoline engine alone is rated at 156 horsepower at 5,700 rpm.

The efficient Atkinson cycle four-cylinder is attached to a hybrid application transaxle that acts as a power-split device between the gasoline engine and the two high output electric motors housed in the transaxle. The transmission operates similarly to a CVT (Continuously Variable Transmission), but it houses a planetary gear arrangement that allows for switching between, and even combining propulsion sources (power split device). Low-friction bearings help reduce parasitic losses, and a flywheel damper helps reduce noise and vibration. The transaxle also houses the open differential. One of the motor/generators (MG1) is driven by the engine and functions as a starter and generates electrical power to operate the second electric motor/generator (MG2) and charge the hybrid battery. The second motor (MG2) operates independently to help the gasoline engine and deliver smooth application of electric power from a standing start and when accelerating. The regenerative braking supplied by the MG1 motor also helps slow the vehicle while recovering lost energy and converting it to electricity that is returned to the battery. The electric motors are rated at 105 kW total, and the total system output for the Avalon's Hybrid Synergy Drive is rated at 200 horsepower. The Avalon Hybrid will accelerate from 0 to 60 in about 8.0 seconds.

The Avalon Hybrid is equipped with a proven 244.8-volt Nickel metal-hydride battery that is compact with superior cooling performance. This battery is comprised of 34 modules made up of a total of 204 cells. The Avalon's compact battery pack has been installed inside the luggage compartment and close to the rear seat to help maximize trunk capacity even as the hybrid application moves the 12-volt battery to the trunk. The cooling system remains quiet by utilizing a brushless motor powering the cooling fan and strategic placement of the air inlet.

Other components in the hybrid system are housed in a power-control unit that resides under the hood and includes an inverter that converts high voltage DC (Direct) current to AC (Alternating) current, a water-cooled DC-DC converter that converts the voltage from the 244.8-volt Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH) hybrid battery to 12-volt DC in order to power auxiliary devices and charge the 12-volt battery. A hybrid control computer manages all of the system's components to deliver optimum power to meet driver demands while coordinating system functions. The power control unit is liquid cooled to maintain its temperature.

The Toyota Avalon Hybrid has an EV Mode, ECO Mode and SPORT Mode, with indicators appearing on the color display of the meter cluster. The EV Mode utilizes the battery energy to propel the vehicle using only the electric motor for about one mile at speeds of up to 20 miles per hour when conditions are ideal. The ECO Mode prioritizes fuel-efficient driving by reducing throttle response and energy consumption from the HVAC system to conserve energy. The Sport Mode helps create greater throttle response and acceleration, and a more positive steering feel through the EPS.

The structural weight management of the Avalon design benefits the Avalon Hybrid as the premium sedan tips the scales at only 3,585 lbs., which is only 124 lbs. heavier than the gasoline model. Reduced weight, clean aerodynamics and an efficient Hybrid drivetrain combine to give this sedan a combined 40 mpg EPA-rating (40 city/39 hwy). Taking the Avalon's 17-gallon fuel tank into consideration, the Avalon Hybrid can offer amazing range from one tank (theoretically, up to 680 miles considering the EPA-rated fuel economy).

Steering and Handling
The TTC engineering team put great effort toward re-inventing Avalon's road-going character with a dramatic revision of the chassis. The new 2013 Avalon will offer vastly elevated levels of control and handling thanks to revised suspension that benefits from a unibody that is 12 percent more rigid overall, and 23 percent more rigid at the rear than the outgoing model. To take advantage of the new platform's increased rigidity, the suspension tuning has been dramatically revised. The front Macpherson strut suspension is tuned to provide outstanding ride comfort, but also flat cornering with enhanced agility. Inversely wound coil springs are matched to dampers that help control the wheels with improved steering feel across a variety of surfaces. The rigidity of the 0.98 inch diameter (25 mm) front stabilizer bar and a 0.63-inch (16 mm) rear bar promotes flatter cornering. Unique, more rigid knuckles and lower control arms are adopted for the 18-inch wheel applications that help improve handling and steering feel.

The dual-link rear suspension design helps the vehicle achieve an ideal balance between ride quality and handling precision. This suspension design offers a reduced toe-in angle during turning and braking to help improve rear stability. Pillow ball joints are adopted in one of the suspension arms to help enhance handling precision. Though the Toyota Avalon rides on a long, comfortable 111-inch wheelbase, the steering and suspension tuning help the car feel agile and nimble.

The Avalon's electric power steering system (EPS) has incorporated tuning to improve feel while reducing engine driven accessories to help improve fuel economy. This electric rack and pinion system's power assist has been optimized in response to vehicle speed to create a lighter effort sensation at lower speeds and increased effort and on-center feel at higher speeds. The system without speed variable influence requires 2.85 turns from lock to lock. The Avalon steering column offers both tilt and telescopic features, and it can be adjusted plus or minus (+ /-) 0.78 inch (20 mm) from its neutral position for tilt and telescopic directions.

The Toyota Avalon's steering wheel has been designed to help improve the driver's tactile feel and control, enhancing driver confidence behind the wheel. The steering wheel's shape, grip and tactile feel helps create enhanced grip to improve the driving sensation. Available smooth, premium leather and padded foam help finish the steering wheel. It also includes a four-direction audio switch to enhance operability, in addition to a cruise control switch, DISP (Display) and TEL (Telephone switch). The steering wheel offers buttons for available voice recognition, vehicle-to-vehicle distance switch for Dynamic Radar Cruise Control. Large paddle-shift toggles attached to the steering wheel, on the V6-powered XLE Touring and Limited Avalon models, help enhance driver control during spirited driving.

The new Avalon and all Avalon Hybrid models ride on aluminum 17-inch wheels with 215/55R17 tires. An 18-inch alloy wheel, on V6-powered XLE Touring and Limited models, is shod with P225/45R18 tires that offer enhanced handling and grip. The 17-inch wheel design on the Toyota Avalon Hybrid model features a unique design with thinner spokes.

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Vauxhall Mokka, 2013

 

 

 

 

•  Vauxhall Mokka, 2013

The new Mokka SUV continues an unprecedented product revolution by Vauxhall and is set to make further waves with its bold, expressive design, advanced driving dynamics and technology.

Mokka adds a new sports utility vehicle (SUV) to the Vauxhall portfolio, and into the expanding compact SUV segment. Compact SUVs fall under 4.30 metres in length, distinguishing them from their larger counterparts. While many other segments are showing limited growth, the compact SUV market has grown by an impressive seven per cent (first half 2011 versus first half 2012). This rapidly growing segment, which includes the Skoda Yeti and the Nissan Juke and Qashqai, allows Vauxhall to break into brand new territory.

With a striking appearance, safe and spacious, the Vauxhall Mokka will appeal to a wide range of customers. Research has shown that the typical Mokka customer leads a very active lifestyle where leisure activities play a central role in his or her life. That is why the Mokka with its many optional extras, like the FlexFix bicycle carrier, is perfect for people who want to balance their busy daily lives with leisure activities.
 

The potential customers are also predicted to be technology-savvy people who rate safety and comfort features high on their agenda. The Vauxhall Mokka provides many technologies that are unique in the segment such as optional ergonomic premium seats, several front camera system functions and Adaptive Forward Lighting (AFL+).

The Vauxhall Mokka will attract customers who are new to the brand. Typically the majority of compact SUV customers (75 per cent) are private buyers, while the rest are likely to be fleet and business. There's even a specific trim aimed at company car drivers, called Tech Line with prices starting from £15,995. Mokka Tech Line offers company car drivers exceptional levels of standard spec, combined with low P11D prices and attractive benefit-in-kind charges. Tech Line models can already be found in the Astra and Insignia model ranges.

Vauxhall is not new to the SUV market and has established a successful track record in this segment over the past two decades. In 1991, Vauxhall launched the all-wheel drive Frontera off-roader. British-built in Vauxhall's Luton plant, it was the first European combined off-roader and SUV model. A year later, the Vauxhall Monterey followed which was a mid-size pure off-road vehicle. After a brief absence from the SUV market, Vauxhall returned in 2006 with the Antara. This crossover model was updated in 2011 with a comprehensively refreshed appearance, powertrain line-up and ride and handling.

The Vauxhall Mokka is available in four trims: S, Exclusiv, Tech Line and SE, with prices starting from £15,995 on-the-road.

DESIGN
Bold and robust, the Vauxhall Mokka's solid, muscular exterior is complemented by design cues that are uniquely Vauxhall.

The front end features a pronounced front grille with a neatly tailored trademark chrome bar featuring the Vauxhall Griffin logo at its centre, framed by bi-xenon 'eagle eye' headlightsthat incorporate LED daytime running lights (standard on the SE).Protective cladding around the bumpers and wheel arches are set against Vauxhall's signature "blade" light catcher on the body side, sweeping upwards to the rear. Upper trim levels feature chrome window inserts and door handles, adding a premium touch.

At the rear, the Vauxhall Mokka has a skid plate in a polished aluminum finish. The rear window is combined with a roof spoiler and distinctly shaped tail lights. Roof rack panels emphasise the almost coupé-like roofline of the Mokka. A unique-in-segment option is Vauxhall's fully-integrated FlexFix bike carrier system, which can be stored in the rear bumper when not in use.

There is a broad offer of ten exterior paints including solid, brilliant, metallic and new three-coat premium colours. Solid colours include Royal Blue and there is the brilliant colour Summit White. The metallic colour range comprises Sovereign Silver, Carbon Flash, Borocay Blue, Velvet Red, Satin Steel Grey, Misty Lake and Deep Espresso Brown. Also available is a three-coat premium colour called Snowflake White.

Road clearance of 157mm makes driving the Mokka off road capable, with wide tracks of 1540mm reinforcing the SUV's muscular stance. Unlike any other model in the compact SUV segment, robust 18-inch alloy wheels are available as standard on all upper trim levels (Exclusiv, Tech Line and SE). Optional 19-inch wheels will also be available soon.

Interior
Inside, the new Mokka again reflects Vauxhall's sculptural design, with the signature wing-shaped instrument panel that wraps around the door inserts.

Splashes of chrome around the cabin centre are designed to give a premium feel. However, the Vauxhall Mokka is still practical and user friendly, with 19 storage spaces, including a cleverly concealed armrest in the rear bench that also contains a cup holder, and storage areas in front of and behind the gear leaver.

With up to 1,372 litre of loading space, the Mokka offers plenty of versatile features including a cleverly-designed parcel shelf which can be easily adjusted by hand and a rear bench that can be split and folded in a 60:40 ratio providing even more flexible loading and transportation. The Vauxhall Mokka is very much a driver's car with excellent ergonomics and comfort, a high seating position gives a great all-round view out of the vehicle and two-tone coloured, leather-trimmed seats are standard on the SE.

The range-topping Mokka SE has embossed two-tone coloured leather stitching as standard throughout its cabin. The instrument panel and doors are covered in a striking Tungsten Brush (Jet Black seats) or Sephia Bronze film. Customers can also opt for brown Cocoa/Saddle Up leather seats.

In S, Exclusiv and Tech Line trims, there is high quality woven Jet Black cloth or Cocoa/Dark Adriatic seat fabrics (depending on trim), soft seat inserts, a liquid platinum instrument panel and door décor moldings and chrome door release handles.

CHASSIS AND ENGINES
The handling of the all-new Vauxhall Mokka is involving and agile with a comfortable supple ride thanks to an intelligent chassis system with either front-wheel drive or adaptive AWD technology. The Mokka is available with a combination of fuel-efficient petrol and diesel engines with a choice of manual or automatic transmissions.

Chassis
Gerry Baker, Vauxhall's manager of vehicle dynamics based at Millbrook, was involved with Vauxhall Mokka chassis development from an early stage. "Early prototype cars were tested in the UK during 2011, to establish if bespoke damper settings were required for cars sold in Britain," said Gerry. "However, there was so little difference between the final UK and European settings that we opted for a common set-up for all cars. The same strategy was applied after steering tests in the UK, too. Finally, a large part of the Mokka's durability testing has been carried out at Millbrook."

To ensure maximum ride comfort and handling performance, Vauxhall engineers further developed, tried and tested MacPerson struts on the front axle.

Side load springs were added to compensate for lateral forces. Dual path strut mounts, strong stabilisers and double bonded handling bushings were also applied to improve handing and performance on the road as well as noise and vibration reduction. Damper and spring rates were sharpened in line with the characteristics of the Mokka chassis. 18-inch alloy wheels complete with 215/55 R 18 tyres are standard on the Exclusiv, Tech Line and SE trim levels.

On the rear suspension, Vauxhall's engineering team included a U-section tubular shaped torsion beam ahead of the wheels. This compound crank axle is developed with two different designs to fit the AWD and front-wheel drive variants. This allows drivers to experience best possible handling and body control for every powertrain. The dampers which are fixed behind the rear wheels ensure a good damper rate as well as an efficient damping performance. This ultimately means better handling and even more precise steering, giving the driver the best possible driving characteristics and control over the vehicle. Mini-block spring coils for the AWD variant ensure that the dampers can rebound even when fully loaded. In all the powertrain variants the Mokka can tow a payload of up to 1,200kg.

AWD System
The AWD system of the Vauxhall Mokka is efficient, intelligent and affordable for a broad segment of customers. The main components of the AWD system are the front axle differential, the drive shaft, the 4x4 rear axle drive and the control module as well as the electro-magnetic multi-plate clutch. Sensors constantly supply the control modules with data such as the yaw rate, lateral and longitudinal acceleration, steering angle, wheel speed, accelerator pedal position and engine revs and torque. Under normal conditions, when the road surface is dry, the front wheels drive the vehicle forwards, keeping fuel consumption low. Depending on the road conditions, the range varies from 100 per cent front-wheel drive to a maximum distribution of torque of 50 per cent on the front and rear axle when, for example, there is surface water or snow on the road.When traction requires it, the electronic torque transfer device (TTD) automatically and seamlessly sends torque to the rear wheels.

The AWD system further sharpens the Mokka's already agile handling characteristics. This is especially noticeable when the car has to negotiate corners at higher speeds or accelerate. It is activated automatically within a fraction of a second as soon as there is wheel slip due to a lack of traction. The AWD system with all its components weighs just 65kg, keeping the Mokka both efficient and eco-friendly.

Safety Technology
Ventilated brake discs measuring 300mm at the front and 268mm at the rear ensure high heat resistance and there is high brake performance in any situation. This was tried and tested under extreme conditions on the northern loop of the Nürburgring race track, in the Alps and on conventional roads. The brake discs are further supported by anti-lock braking (ABS) complete with cornering brake control and brake assist system as well as Electronic Brake force Distribution. The Electronic Stability Program (ESP®Plus) that is standard in the Mokka includes traction control and additionally Hill Start Assist (HSA) and Hill Descent Control (HDC). The latter ensures that speed is maintained when descending demanding hills with low friction, gravel or other difficult surfaces. It allows the driver to choose a suitable vehicle speed range from 3mph to 12mph.

The Hill Start Assist allows the car to take off and park more easily on a hill without the vehicle rolling backwards. To get the most out of the vehicle chassis, Vauxhall's engineers opted for state-of-the art Electric Power Steering (EPS) which is standard across the range. The EPS system features a precise wear adjustment system that has been optimised to fit the steering gear and reduces friction. The Vauxhall Mokka EPS system provides more speed sensitive steering assist with great responsiveness and at the same time offers lower fuel consumption than a hydraulic system. The steering column can be adjusted in its height and length so the driver can find his or her ideal seating position.

Engines
Mokka is available with a choice of three efficient engines. All manual transmissions are equipped with start/stop. Two petrol engines are available including a 1.6-litre (115PS) naturally aspirated engine with a five-speed manual transmission achieving 43.5mpg and combined CO2 emissions of 153 g/km. Torque is 155Nm at 4,000 rpm.

The second petrol unit is a 1.4-litre Turbo (140PS) that achieves 44.1mpg and combined CO2 of 149 g/km. AWD is standard and there is 200Nm of torque (at between 1,850 and 4,900 rpm). This engine has an alloy cylinder head and maintenance-free valve operation and is offered with a six-speed manual transmission. Later, it will be available with a six-speed automatic transmission. The manual six-speed 4x4 turbocharged Mokka reaches a top speed of 118mph and does 0-60mph in 9.4 seconds.

The turbocharged four-cylinder has an electronic engine control unit for even more precise combustion control as well as friction optimised components. Dual overhead camshafts with variable valve timing drive the four valves per cylinder. A variable-flow oil pump supplies the engine with the necessary lubrication. Saving even more fuel is the electronically controlled thermostat that ensures the best possible thermal engine management. When operating at full capacity it cools the engine, while during partial load operation it maintains a constant temperature.

Customers who prefer diesel engines can order the Mokka with a 1.7CDTi (130PS) turbocharged unit with a maximum torque of 300Nm (at between 2,000 and 2,500 rpm). This engine is available with a six-speed manual 'box with either front-wheel drive or AWD, or as a six-speed automatic with front-wheel drive. As a front-wheel drive with a manual gearbox the diesel unit achieves 62.8mpg and 120g/km CO2 emissions, making it one of the most fuel-efficient models in its segment. The performance figures speak for themselves: with a six-speed manual gear box and front-wheel drive the Vauxhall Mokka achieves a top speed of 116mph and does 60mph 10.5 seconds.

The 1.7CDTI engine has innovative "Clean Tech" technology with pressure sensors integrated in to the cylinders, ensuring best possible combustion control. The end result: a significant reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and dust particles plus maximum fuel efficiency. A third generation common rail system operates with injection pressures of up to 1,600 bar. Electro-magnetic injectors ensure very precise combustion control.

Vauxhall's New Generation Engines
Vauxhall Mokka uses a second generation six-speed automatic transmission centred on increased efficiency (fuel consumption is down six per cent compared with its predecessor), a reduction of shift times and noise and vibration reduction. Thanks to a small torque converter, Vauxhall's engineers were able to reduce inertia. Optimised bearings, joint rings and friction elements also ensure a higher degree of effectiveness. A further key feature is the coil spring inside the torque converter. The spring rate was halved which improved the damping of vibrations.

Gear changes are possible on the six-speed automatic thanks to the ActiveSelect function, activiated by the touch of a button on the gear stick. The adaptive electronic transmission control comprises a range of intelligent functions: the automatic idling helps to save fuel. This function maintains the oil pressure at an optimum level during the first forward drive clutch movement. This is made possible by sensors and regulating devices that are variable depending on the engine speed and other data. Lower loads for the axle shafts and engine supports help to reduce the noise level. The hill program varies the electronic gear shifting parameters depending on the gradient of ascent or descent.

The latest generation of Vauxhall transmissions enables even more precise and smoother gear shifting. Vauxhall's engineers have shortened shift paths whilst at the same time reducing shift forces. To achieve this, the six-speed manual transmission was comprehensively reworked with new gearwheels and modified components including the input shaft and shift fork which ensures a smooth operation during cold and hot conditions. Friction forces on the gear leaver were also reduced. A red arrow also flashes in the instrument display which helps with driving at low rpms, saving fuel and reducing CO2 emissions.

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