BMW M3 CRT, 2012

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

• BMW M3 CRT, 2012

The BMW M3 CRT (Carbon Racing Technology) embodies a concentrated blend of state-of-the-art development expertise - inspired directly by motor sport - in the areas of drive system and chassis technology and intelligent lightweight design. It also represents the worldwide debut of a new production process for carbon-fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP) components in the automotive industry. This process allows CFRP to be introduced widely in the construction of the high-performance BMW M3 Saloon-based sports car created by the BMW M GmbH factory. And that helps it achieve a weight-to-power ratio of 3.5 kilograms per horsepower. A V8 engine with customary M high-revving characteristics and maximum output of 331 kW/450 hp accelerates the BMW M3 CRT from 0 to 100 km/h in just 4.4 seconds.

The BMW M3 CRT will be produced by the BMW M GmbH factory in a limited run of 67 units. Following in the tyre tracks of the BMW M3 GTS - of which 135 examples were produced - this is the second small-series, high-performance M3 off-shoot to be bred for the race track but registered for the road. The exclusive character of the Saloon is emphasised by bespoke lightweight design components manufactured as part of an innovative production process. The bonnet of the BMW M3 CRT and the bucket seats for the driver and front passenger are made from a cellular carbon honeycomb, which is produced in a globally unique process pioneered for the manufacture of body components for the BMW i3 and BMW i8 models.

Innovative manufacturing process for lightweight CFRP components.
These new models - due to enter volume production in 2013 and equipped with innovative electric and BMW ActiveHybrid drive system technology - will feature a body consisting entirely of CFRP in the passenger cell area. In a new development, the production process introduced for this purpose enables the cuttings left behind in the construction of the body to be reprocessed. The basic material (made up of carbon fibre thread) can now be woven into CFRP mats of any size before being impregnated with synthetic resin and hardened in a similar way to the material used in the body of the BMW i3 and BMW i8. For the BMW M3 CRT this allows the creation of a bonnet made from two CFRP mouldings encasing an aramid honeycomb structure. This construction imbues the bonnet with the strength of a conventional steel equivalent, but at roughly a quarter of its weight. The weight saving over the aluminium bonnet of the standard BMW M3 Saloon is around 50 per cent.

The material produced through this innovative manufacturing technology is also used for the car's bucket seats. Here, the CFRP layers are wrapped around a recycled-paper honeycomb, with a carbon layer made using conventional production technology added to visible areas. CFRP is also used to make both the rear spoiler of the BMW M3 CRT and an air-channelling element integrated into its front apron.

The innovative manufacturing process opens up considerable potential for increased use of CFRP in series-produced cars as a means of lowering weight. The BMW Group is leading the way in this area of automotive construction, while BMW M GmbH can call on extensive racing expertise when it comes to intelligent lightweight design. The BMW M3 CRT is the latest in a fine tradition of highly exclusive high-performance sports cars optimised with the help of lightweight design. This lineage stretches back to the BMW 3.0 CSL of the 1970s and reached another high point in 2002 with the BMW M3 CSL. BMW M GmbH also broke new ground with the use of CFRP in series-produced vehicles; like the BMW M6 produced up to 2010, the current BMW M3 Coupé comes as standard with a roof made from carbon-fibre reinforced plastic.

Significant weight reduction despite generous standard equipment.
The low-weight construction of the BMW M3 CRT is enhanced by sound-proofing configured specially for the new variant and a sports exhaust system with an extremely lightweight titanium muffler. Also unique to the CRT are the two individual rear seats, which take their cues from the lateral support-enhancing contours of the front seats.

Included in the standard specification of the BMW M3 CRT are the M double-clutch transmission with Drivelogic, Navigation system Professional, BMW Individual High End audio system, a light, exterior mirror and luggage area package, an alarm system and Park Distance Control with sensors at the front and rear of the car. Despite this extremely generous selection of standard kit, its DIN unladen weight of 1,580 kg undercuts that of the standard BMW M3 Saloon by around 45 kg. When you take into account the equipment on board the weight saving is more like 70 kg. Added to which, cleverly reducing the load at the front of the car raises the proportion of the car's weight over the rear axle to 48.4 per cent, which has an extremely positive effect on agility.

High-revving V8 engine with extra power; M DCT Drivelogic.
Under the CFRP bonnet of the BMW M3 CRT lies a variant of the V8 engine developed exclusively for the BMW M3 with further increased displacement, output and maximum torque. The high-revving unit provides the linear power delivery you expect from an M car and a highly responsive performance profile honed by the demands of the race track. Tuned for the BMW M3 GTS, the eight-cylinder engine develops 331 kW/450 hp from its 4,360 cc displacement. Maximum output is reached at 8,300 rpm, and the driver will find peak torque of 440 Newton metres on tap at 3,750 rpm. Helping to give the engine its intoxicating performance is wizardry derived directly from motor sport, including a bedplate crankcase construction in a special aluminium-silicon alloy, individual throttle butterflies, a knock control system with ion current technology and a dynamically-optimised wet sump oil supply.

Transferring the engine's power to the rear wheels is the M double-clutch transmission with Drivelogic developed for the BMW M3. The seven-speed M DCT Drivelogic unit also works according to a principle developed in motor sport, allowing an uninterrupted flow of power through gear changes to deliver extremely dynamic acceleration. Its shift characteristics have been tuned specially for the engine powering the BMW M3 CRT. Shift paddles on the steering wheel allow the driver to change gear manually with optimum ergonomics. And a Launch Control function is on hand to generate maximum acceleration off the start line.

Special chassis construction with race-bred technology.
Expertise from race competition also makes its presence felt in the chassis technology of the BMW M3 CRT. The BMW M3 Saloon's front and rear axle construction has been enhanced by a rigid rear axle subframe and coilover suspension whose dampers are individually adjustable in their compression and rebound. The six-piston, fixed-calliper high-performance brakes of the BMW M3 CRT boast a low-weight compound construction. The vented brake discs measure 378 x 32 millimetres at the front axle and 380 x 28 millimetres at the rear. The new M3 variant also uses Stahlflex brake lines and model-specific comfort brake pads.

The specially tuned DSC (Dynamic Stability Control) system - including ABS and M Dynamic Mode (MDM) - responds to both the greater dynamic potential of the BMW M3 CRT and its optimised axle load distribution. Meanwhile, the 245/35 R 19 front tyres and 265/35 R 19 rears (fitted on 19-inch M light-alloy wheels in Y-spoke design) ensure the engine's acceleration and braking power is transferred to the road with maximum impact. The electronic engine management of the BMW M3 CRT caps its top speed at 290 km/h.

The exclusive Frozen Polar Silver metallic exterior paint shade in combination with Melbourne Red metallic applications and special treatment for the BMW kidney grille also help to set the BMW M3 CRT apart from the standard M3. Inside, the Saloon comes with likewise exclusive door sill strips, door panels and trim strips in aluminium grain structure. Completing the distinctive ambience inside the high-performance Saloon are the Alcantara-covered M steering wheel, which has an M Drive button allowing the driver to call up his preferred set-up instantly, and special Sakhir Orange and Black bi-colour covers for the front and individual rear seats.

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Toyota FT-Bh Concept, 2012

 

 

 

 

 

• Toyota FT-Bh Concept, 2012

Making its World Premiere at the 2012 Geneva Motor Show, the Toyota FT-Bh concept is an ultra-light, sub-800 kg, full hybrid vehicle designed to lower fuel consumption and minimise emissions for an affordable B-segment family car.

Clearly expressing the Under Priority design language and Keen Look styling of Toyota's next generation vehicles, the FT-Bh has the dimensions of a B-segment vehicle. It is 3,985 mm long, 1,695 mm wide and 1,400 mm high, with a long wheelbase of 2,570 mm.

The new concept's design is driven by 5 key pillars targeting optimum fuel efficiency and minimised emissions: Mass Reduction; Driving Resistance in the form of aerodynamics and tyre rolling resistance; Powertrain Efficiency; Thermal Energy Management and Electricity Saving.

Combining a highly significant reduction in weight for a car of this class with painstaking aerodynamics, a rigorous reduction in driving resistance and a frugal yet highly efficient full hybrid powertrain, the Toyota FT-Bh concept is projected to deliver an average fuel consumption of just 2.1 l/100 km and CO2 emissions of only 49 g/km.

The FT-Bh targets CO2 emissions which are less than half those of the current 1.0 litre Yaris. But only through the mass-production of an affordable ultra-low emissions vehicle can sales volumes be large enough to make a genuine contribution to the real world reduction of total vehicle CO2 emissions on a global scale.

Aimed, therefore, at maximum affordability, the techniques and thought processes demonstrated in the concept's design do not involve the use of exotic, expensive materials or complex procedures, but only those already commonplace to the automotive industry.

Moreover, the goals of light vehicle weight, a low centre of gravity and maximum powertrain efficiency are beneficial not only in terms of low fuel consumption and emissions, but also in offering a more responsive, agile and engaging driving experience.

Design
Styled under the 'Ecomotion' theme, the Toyota FT-Bh concept's exterior design combines emotive shapes with an extremely high level of aerodynamic performance to achieve ultra-low fuel consumption.

Its form inspired almost entirely by the natural flow of air over the exterior surfaces, the concept represents a new approach to bodywork design. Key panels such as the roof are formed to represent fabric stretched taut between fastening points, reflecting their ultra-lightweight composition.

Inheriting elements of Toyota's Under Priority design language and Keen Look styling, the front of the vehicle is dominated by a large undergrille, a powerfully sculpted bonnet and vertical headlamps integrated into the front wings.

The stretched fabric styling of the roof panels adds a feeling of lightness to the vehicle. This is further emphasised by ultra-slim A- and C-pillars which maximise the glazed area of the cockpit for improved visibility and perceived cabin spaciousness.

The FT-Bh's arch-shaped rear creates a stable stance with low centre of gravity. With the cabin merging seamlessly into the rear of the vehicle, an uplifted rear bumper and crisp, chevron-shaped corner elements, the styling optimises aerodynamic performance, contributing to a low drag coefficient of only 0.235 Cd.

The stretched fabric panel design theme is continued throughout the car's interior styling, and is readily apparent in the form of the centre console, dashboard, seats and steering wheel. The concave form of the centre console creates a driver-focused cockpit whilst maintaining a feeling of both lightness and spaciousness.

Reduced Overall Mass
Fabricated in a combination of high-tensile steel, aluminium and magnesium, the Toyota FT-Bh concept targets an overall mass reduction of some 25% over the 1,030 kg 1.0 litre Yaris, bringing its total weight down to just 786 kg.

Because the hybrid powertrain is marginally heavier than a conventional 1.0 litre engine, the overall mass reduction required of the bodyshell, interior trim, chassis and electronics is actually some 340 kg, or 33% of the Yaris' weight.

Conversely, the FT-Bh's full hybrid powertrain adds some 60 kg in weight to the concept.

Toyota engineers have identified reduction targets of 33% for the body and chassis -with no detriment to safety performance- and 27% for the powertrain and electronics. With a body-in-white mass reduction of 20-25%, key to achieving a total mass reduction of over 30% is a reduction in the weight of interior parts and trim by approximately 50%.

This is reflected in the minimalist interior design of the Toyota FT-Bh concept, which features the minimum of structure and lightweight components of high torsional stiffness to combine superior ergonomics and functionality with the lowest possible weight.

Such a large saving in the weight of cabin parts has a highly significant 'ripple effect' in weight reduction throughout the rest of the vehicle. For instance, it reduces the applied load on both the body structure and the suspension, allowing for a commensurate downsizing of components. It also leads to a reduction in the required engine displacement, saving both weight and thermal energy losses.

Further benefits of such a substantial reduction in vehicle mass include a lower centre of gravity -just 541 mm- for more responsive, agile handling and powerful braking, and a reduction in production costs, making the vehicle more readily affordable to a larger cross-section of customers.

Lowered Driving Resistance
Measures to save fuel by reducing the road load of the Toyota FT-Bh concept are focused on aerodynamics and a tyre rolling resistance coefficient reduction. Minimisation of the aerodynamic coefficient of drag and the vehicle's particularly small frontal area target a resistance reduction of 25%. And the use of low rolling resistance tyres accounts for a significant improvement in fuel efficiency.

The concept is a comprehensive study in next generation aerodynamic techniques. It features air curtain intakes to the frontal extremities, air-stream alloy wheels, airflow-disrupting door mirrors replaced by cameras, handle-less electric latch doors, a pagoda roof with a dropped rear section, and a sharply cut rear end section incorporating an air outlet slit and an underfloor spoiler to smooth the flow of air away from the rear of the vehicle.

In combination, these measures lower the FT-Bh's coefficient of drag from a B-segment average of about 0.29 Cd to just 0.235.

The new Toyota concept highlights several cyclical 'efficiency benefit sequences' made possible by the synergy between aerodynamics and fuel efficiency.

For example, if fuel efficiency is improved, then the powertrain generates less heat, and the cooling system can be downsized. This allows for a reduction in the amount of cooling air necessary, allowing the front of the vehicle to be changed. This change lowers the coefficient of drag, in turn leading to a further improvement in fuel efficiency.

The fuel tank provides a further example: if fuel efficiency improves, the fuel tank can be downsized. Downsizing the fuel tank allows the amount of air that flows under the rear of the car to increase, which decreases resistance. Aerodynamic drag is reduced, leading to an additional improvement in fuel efficiency.

The concept rides on narrow, large diameter, 145/55R18 low rolling resistance tyres, which make a further significant contribution to lowering the FT-Bh's road load and driving resistance with no loss of grip or traction.

High Efficiency Powertrain
The Toyota FT-Bh's full hybrid drive system is a masterpiece of powertrain downsizing. Almost 90 kg lighter than the Prius' HSD system, it features substantial weight savings to every component of the drive-line.

The petrol engine is 38 kg lighter than that of the Prius. And the lithium-ion battery pack weight is almost half that of the Prius' nickel-metalhydride battery.

The lightweight, 2-cylinder, 1.0 litre Atkinson cycle petrol engine combines high efficiency with a low thermal capacity. Combustion efficiency has been maximised through the adoption of a long stroke, a high, 13:1 compression ratio, a next generation D4 injection system with a high fuel-injection pressure, a larger Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) system with cooling and a high tumble port design.

Ultra-low friction measures have been applied to the axis receivers, timing belt and electric water pump, and painstaking thermal energy management involves the use of a low heat capacity, reduced cold friction and the careful control of heat flow to regulate engine oil and water temperatures.

As a result, this remarkable powertrain achieves an average fuel consumption of only 2.1 l/100 km, and CO2 emissions of just 49 g/km.

A combination of light vehicle weight and hybrid power offers FT-Bh drivers a return to the fundamental pleasures of city driving. The concept's light, 786 kg kerb weight maximises responsiveness to both throttle and brake inputs, while the hybrid powertrain's electric motor produces maximum torque from a standstill to provide nimble drivability in traffic.

Reinforcing the adaptability of Toyota's Hybrid Synergy Drive® technology to alternative energy sources, the FT-Bh also serves as a study for even greater fuel efficiency in the mid-term future through the potential installation of two alternative powertrains: a compressed natural gas hybrid (CNG-HV) version with CO2 emissions of only 38 g/km, and a Plug-in hybrid (PHEV) version emitting just 19 g/km of CO2.

Thermal Energy Management and 50% Electricity Saving
The Toyota FT-Bh targets improvements in the recovery of thermal energy and a 50% reduction in electricity consumption.

Using the twin strategies of a reduction in demand for heat and a reduction in heat loss, further stringent measures are applied within the interior. The FT-Bh uses lighter cabin components that have a smaller thermal capacity or a high degree of thermal insulation. Carefully zoned air-conditioning targets only occupied areas of the cabin, and any remaining waste heat -already minimised due to the ultra-high-efficiency hybrid powertrain- is effectively used.

The current draw from the FT-Bh's LED headlamps, interior lighting and other electrical components has been drastically reduced, lowering power consumption to 50% of that of conventional cars. The glazing construction has been designed for maximum thermal efficiency, and even the concept's pearl white, matte-finish heat-reflecting paint possesses excellent thermal insulation characteristics.

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Mercedes-Benz CLS63 AMG, 2012

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

• Mercedes-Benz CLS63 AMG, 2012

Like the S63 AMG and CL63 AMG, drivers of the Mercedes-Benz CLS63 AMG will benefit from an eight-cylinder powerhouse, designated internally as the M 157: the new AMG 5.5-litre V8 biturbo engine boasts a combination of innovative high-tech components which, in addition to spray-guided direct petrol injection with piezo injectors, also include a full aluminium crankcase, four-valve technology with camshaft adjustment, air/water intercooling, generator management and stop/start system. With a displacement of 5461 cc, the eight-cylinder engine develops a peak output of 525 hp and torque of 700 Nm. In conjunction with the AMG Performance package, these figures increase to 557 hp and 800 Nm. Both variants of the Mercedes-Benz CLS63 AMG achieve exceptional performance: acceleration from 0-62 mph takes 4.4 and 4.3 seconds respectively, and the top speed is 155 mph (electronically limited).

The major difference between both power units is the increase in the maximum charge-air pressure from 1.0 to 1.3 bar. In addition, the CLS63 AMG with the AMG Performance package features a special high-quality carbon fibre engine cover.

Quantum leap: fuel consumption reduced by 32 percent
Despite a significant performance increase compared with the previous model, which had a naturally aspirated AMG 6.3-litre V8 engine producing 514 hp and 630 Nm of torque, the new Mercedes-Benz CLS63 AMG is some 32 per cent, more economical - which represents a quantum leap forward.

The NEDC fuel consumption of 28.5 mpg equates to a CO2 output of 232 g/km. Thanks to these figures, the new V8 Coupé from AMG not only undercuts all of its direct competitors in the small but refined four-door high-performance coupé segment, but is also more fuel efficient than significantly lower-powered vehicles. Both performance variants have identical fuel consumption and CO2 figures.

Exclusive: AMG SPEEDSHIFT MCT 7-speed sports transmission
A major contribution towards achieving the unrivalled consumption figures has been made by the AMG SPEEDSHIFT MCT 7-speed sports transmission, a component used exclusively at Mercedes-AMG. Unlike a conventional automatic transmission, the MCT transmission does away with the torque converter; instead, it makes use of a compact, wet start-up clutch. Also fitted as standard equipment is the stop/start function: it is permanently active in the transmission's Controlled Efficiency ("C") mode, and switches the eight-cylinder engine off when the car comes to a stop. At the same time, "C" mode also means a "soft" accelerator response set-up with convenient and early gearshifts; moving off generally takes place in second gear. A green "ECO" symbol in the AMG instrument cluster shows the driver that the stop/start function is active.

The engine and transmission come across as much more agile in the "S" (Sport), "S+" (Sport plus) and "M" (Manual) modes; in addition, the stop/start function is switched off. In "S" and "M" modes, the engine management system partially suppresses the cylinders: interrupting ignition and injection under full load leads to even faster gearshifts than before. The highly emotional vocals are an appealing side effect of this lightning-fast process. An automatic double-declutching function and RACE START function are also included as standard.

Autonomously developed AMG RIDE CONTROL sports suspension
The suspension, steering and braking system of the new CLS63 AMG complement the high-tech drive system perfectly. The AMG RIDE CONTROL sports suspension, with steel suspension struts on the front axle and air suspension struts on the rear axle, as well as automatic level control, is enhanced further by an electronically controlled damping system; it automatically adjusts the damping characteristics depending on the driving conditions and reduces the roll angle of the body. The result: lightning-fast adjustment between optimum driving comfort and the best possible agility. The driver can switch between the three suspension modes of "Comfort", "Sport" and "Sport plus" at the press of a button.

The autonomously developed front axle, with a track width which is 24 mm wider, is the perfect match for the newly developed electromechanical AMG sports parameter steering. It not only features variable power assistance which adapts according to the suspension mode, but also contributes towards reducing fuel consumption, since the steering assistance system only draws power when the vehicle is actually being steered. The 3-stage ESP® also has individual setting options - thereby providing a definite advantage when it comes to combining driving pleasure with absolute driving safety.

AMG ceramic high-performance composite braking system available as an option
Perfect deceleration even when driving extremely briskly is ensured by the AMG high-performance braking system with 360 mm, internally ventilated and perforated brake discs all-round. Particularly resistant, motorsports-tested composite technology is used on the front axle. The optional AMG ceramic high-performance composite braking system with yet larger brake discs guarantees an even higher level of braking performance as well as lower unsprung masses. Good contact with the road, meanwhile, is provided courtesy of the titanium grey-painted, high-sheen AMG light-alloy wheels featuring a new triple-spoke design and fitted with 255/35 R 19 tyres on the front and 285/30 R 19 tyres on the rear.

Intelligent lightweight construction: making a significant contribution to efficiency
The highest level of engineering is also reflected in the body of the new CLS63 AMG: the intelligent lightweight construction makes a significant contribution towards addressing the classic conflicting goals of low weight and high strength. Like the SLS AMG, the Mercedes-Benz CLS63 AMG is also fitted with doors featuring a full aluminium construction. They consist of deep-drawn aluminium panels with extruded sections, and are around 24 kg lighter compared with conventional steel doors. In addition, the bonnet, front wings, boot lid, parcel shelf, various support sections as well as major parts of the chassis and engine are all made from aluminium too.

Light-years ahead: LED High Performance headlamps as standard
The Mercedes-Benz CLS63 AMG is the first passenger car in the world to offer LED High Performance headlamps, which combine the exciting colour elements of LED technology - similar to those of daytime running lamps - with the performance, functionality and energy efficiency of today's bi-xenon generation. Fitted as standard, for the first time ever this new light system provides the Intelligent Light System already proven in Mercedes models fitted with bi-xenon headlamps in combination with LED technology. The headlamps, with their 71 LED lamps in total, underline the unmistakable appearance of the CLS63 AMG. The light specialists from Mercedes-Benz have for the first time been able to use LED technology in the Adaptive Highbeam Assist, resulting in an entirely new level of safety when driving at night.

In contrast to the first vehicles equipped with LED headlamps, no compromises are now necessary with respect to the functionality and performance of the lighting technology. There are further arguments for the new, LED-based lighting technology: the average operating life of an LED is around 10,000 hours, around five times longer than that of a xenon light; moreover, LED headlamps most closely approximate the colour temperature of daylight. This means that LED light is in keeping with normal human perception patterns. Studies have shown that the closer the colour of artificial light comes to daylight, the less strain there is on the eyes. With a colour temperature of 5500 kelvin, LED light is closer to daylight (6500 K) than xenon light (4200 K). The LED daytime driving lights specific to AMG are also presented in two characteristic light strips integrated into the AMG front apron.

Exterior design inspired by the SLS AMG
When viewed from the front, the new Mercedes CLS63 AMG evokes associations with the SLS AMG - the radiator grille in particular, with its large Mercedes star and wing-shaped horizontal slats, appears to have been inspired by the gullwing. The top-of-the-range AMG model distinguishes itself from the other CLS variants with its distinctive bonnet, wider mudguards with "V8 BITURBO" logo and a specific AMG front apron with black painted cross member. Eye-catching features at the rear include the diffuser insert, the AMG spoiler lip on the boot lid, the AMG sports exhaust system with dual twin chrome tailpipes, and - as also featured on the SLS AMG - integrated rear foglamp. The AMG bodystyling perfectly matches the typical CLS outline, which is essentially characterised by the elegantly long proportions, the lateral dropping line and the muscular sports car-like shoulder line above the rear axle.

Exclusive atmosphere in the interior
This philosophy also continues through consistently into the interior. All of the AMG-specific design and appointment features ideally supplement the redesigned CLS interior. The wrap-around effect in the cockpit, with its high line which sweeps from the driver's door over the instrument panel support and across to the front passenger door, is generously flanked by high-quality trim elements - available in black piano lacquer as standard in the top-of-the-range AMG model. Quality materials and workmanship meet the very highest of standards and help to guarantee a particularly exclusive atmosphere.

The extensive range of standard appointments also includes AMG sports seats in nappa leather, a new three-spoke AMG Performance steering wheel with aluminium shift paddles and flattened top and bottom sections, and the AMG DRIVE UNIT with compact E-SELECT selector lever.

New driving assistance systems: greater safety
More than a dozen driving assistance systems on the new CLS help to prevent traffic accidents and reduce the severity of an accident. The Active Blind Spot Assist and the Active Lane Keeping Assist are new.

Active Blind Spot Assist warns the driver if it detects - with the assistance of short-range radar sensors - that there is a danger of collision if the vehicle is about to change lanes. Should the driver ignore the warnings and come dangerously close to the vehicle in the next lane, Active Blind Spot Assist  intervene. By applying braking force to the wheels on the opposite side of the vehicle via the Electronic Stability Program ESP, a yaw movement is created which counteracts the collision course.

Active Lane Keeping Assist is now also linked to the ESP for the first time. This system kicks into action if the driver inadvertently drifts over a solid line to the right or left of a lane. In this case, Active Lane Keeping Assist brakes the opposite wheels and thereby prevents the vehicle from crossing the line. A display on the instrument cluster warns the driver at the same time. If broken lane markings are crossed, the system controls an electric pulse generator in the steering wheel which generates vibrations for a short time - a discreet but highly effective cue to countersteer immediately. Before the braking system intervenes, the steering wheel always vibrates to provide a warning.

Design and equipment: The exclusively styled athlete - a true AMG
Distinctive, exclusive, unique - the design of the new CLS63 AMG can be described in just a few words. The exceptional position occupied by the four-door high-performance Coupé is apparent from the very moment you set eyes on it. High-quality materials, comprehensive standard equipment, and a dynamic ambience typical of an AMG are the defining elements of the newly designed interior.

Externally, the top-of-the-range AMG model differs from the other CLS variants as a result of some specific visual modifications. The front view is dominated by the distinct radiator grille, the three-dimensional shape of which is very reminiscent of the SLS AMG. The large Mercedes star and prominent wing-shaped horizontal grille slat with chrome trim are equally evocative of the gull-wing model. The long bonnet with its V-shaped contour hints at the powerful package which lies beneath.

The AMG front apron is also markedly powerful: thanks to the drawn-out side air intakes with black grilles - flanked by LED daytime driving lights - and central air intake with black-painted cross strut, it makes for a real head-turning feature. A further highlight of the front view are the LED High-Performance headlamps. The characteristic AMG front apron continues stylishly into the broad wings, with integrated "V8 BITURBO" logo. The side view - which is defined by an innovative interplay between lines and areas, the lateral "dropping line" and also the wide-set wheel arches - receives an additional touch of dynamism courtesy of the titanium grey-painted high-sheen AMG light-alloy wheels, which feature a new triple-spoke design. The filigree spokes also provide a glimpse of the generously dimensioned AMG high-performance braking system.

The powerfully shaped rear end of the Mercedes-Benz CLS63 AMG is an equal match for the car's front and side views: the exciting profile of the AMG rear apron with black diffuser insert also incorporates the dual twin chrome tailpipes of the AMG sports exhaust system as well as the rear fog lamp. The wide wraparound bicolour tail lamps featuring LED technology and the wide metal insert make for additional visual highlights.

The harmoniously integrated AMG spoiler lip on the boot lid helps to reduce lift at the rear axle by around 26 percent and further enhances handling at high speeds.

Exceptional quality of interior finish
The impression of the interior on opening the doors is defined by the exquisite quality of finish and the "wraparound" effect which is typical of the CLS: a high line sweeps in an arc from the driver's door over the instrument panel support and across to the front passenger door, ensuring a feeling of security. Onlookers will discover the highest quality of materials, for example in the generous use of black piano lacquer trim elements. Up to seven layers of paint are applied and polished off until the desired high-sheen finish is achieved. An even more exclusive touch can be give to the interior with the optional AMG trim elements in carbon fibre/black piano lacquer.

The same goes for the leather upholstery: the AMG sports seats in nappa leather with cross-stitch sports design feature a surface quality which is particularly soft to the touch, making any journey in the Mercedes-Benz CLS63 AMG an exceptionally pleasant experience. The driver and front seat passenger are accommodated in separate, newly developed AMG sports seats with electric adjustment, multicontour and memory functions, seat heating and AMG badges. All interior elements with which the driver comes into contact are finished in leather. Three colours of leather, namely black, alpaca grey and almond beige, are available to choose from. The two individual seats in the rear are designed to match the front AMG sports seats.

The new AMG Performance steering wheel with its three-spoke design has aluminium shift paddles, flattened upper and lower sections as well as specially shaped grip areas covered in perforated leather. The three-dimensional airbag cover is embedded into a metallic trim element in "silver shadow", the lower spoke of which has an open design. Twelve multifunction buttons are used to control al of the infotainment functions. A special highlight is the high-quality analogue clock featuring an "IWC Ingenieur" design located between the centre air vents.

Colourful, three-dimensional display with AMG welcome logo
The three tube-shaped round cockpit instruments behind the steering wheel provide information on the coolant temperature and tank capacity (left), road speed (centre) and engine rpm (right). A highlight of the exclusive CLS63 AMG instrumentation is the colourful three-dimensional TFT display in the centre of the speedometer, which welcomes the driver by displaying a striking AMG logo when the driver's door is opened. The round instruments come with a new look, red needles, a 320 km/h speedometer scale and also a characteristic "AMG" and "V8 Biturbo" logo.

The AMG main menu, which is integrated into the central display of the speedometer, can be operated conveniently using the multifunction buttons on the steering wheel. The three modes "Warm Up", "Set Up" and "RACE" keep the driver well informed: "Warm Up" indicates the engine oil and coolant temperature, "Set Up" indicates the current ESP® mode, the suspension setting - "Comfort", "Sport" or "Sport plus" - and the transmission mode - "C", "S", "S+" or "M". In "RACE" the RACETIMER is ready; this allows the driver to record lap times on private racing circuits.

The AMG DRIVE UNIT, which is angled towards the driver, enables individual settings to be selected for the MCT sports transmission, the ESP® functions, the suspension set-up and the AMG drive modes. Located in the centre console, the E-SELECT selector lever, which boasts a compact, sporty design and leather finish, can be simply nudged to shift directly between R, N and D, all thanks to drive-by-wire. The parking lock, meanwhile, can be activated simply by briefly pressing the P-button.

All of the controls in the interior are finished in high-quality "silver shadow" - from the button surrounds on the AMG DRIVE UNIT and the rotary switches on the automatic climate control, through to the buttons for such functions as seat heating or PARKTRONIC.

Other standard equipment:
    AMG door sill panels in brushed stainless steel
    AMG sports pedals in brushed stainless steel with rubber studs
    the luxury automatic climate control THERMOTRONIC

One of the highlights of the attractive optional extras is the AMG Performance package which is available for the Mercedes-Benz CLS63 AMG. It comprises:
    an increase in the peak output of 24 kW (32 hp) and in the maximum torque of 100 Nm; genuine carbon fibre AMG engine cover
    genuine carbon fibre AMG spoiler lip on the boot lid
    red-painted brake calipers
    AMG Performance steering wheel with Alcantara inserts in the grip areas

Exclusive optional extras are also available from the AMG Performance Studio:
    AMG RIDE CONTROL Performance suspension
    Lightweight forged AMG light-alloy wheels featuring a 5-twin-spoke design and fitted with 255/35 R 19 tyres at the front and 285/30 R 19 tyres at the rear
    AMG rear axle locking differential with 40 percent locking action
    AMG ceramic high-performance composite braking system
    AMG Exterior Carbon package
    AMG trim elements in carbon fibre/black piano lacquer
    Illuminated AMG door sill panels
    AMG Driver's Package (includes restriction of top speed to 300 km/h, participation in driver training course at the AMG Driving Academy)
    designo: tailor-made individuality

A unique series of appointment details are available from the designo range for the CLS63 AMG which customers can use to reflect their own personal style.

The wide range of exclusive paint finishes, leather upholstery, trim elements and steering wheels provides for the proverbial tailor-made individuality. Seven designo colours, including two matt paint finishes, can be combined with ten designo leather colours. The Alcantara roof lining, available in three colour shades, rounds off the look perfectly.

Other optional extras include (extracts):
    Active Parking Assist
    Active Blind Spot Assist
    Ambient lighting
    COMAND APS multimedia system
    Digital radio (DAB)
    Driving Assistance package Plus (DISTRONIC PLUS, BAS PLUS, PRE-SAFE® brake, Active Lane Keeping Assist and Active Blind Spot Assist)
    Speed Limit Assist
    Harman Kardon® Logic7® surround sound system
    KEYLESS-GO package
    Media interface
    Night View Assist Plus
    Tyre pressure monitoring system
    Reversing camera
    Front climatised seats
    Lane Tracking package (Lane Keeping Assist and Blind Spot Assist)
    TV tuner

Specially designed "Edition 1" with matt paint finish
Also available is the special limited "Edition 1" version of the Mercedes-Benz CLS63 AMG. Finished in the new manganite grey SHAPE matt paint, the "Edition 1" features a host of specially designed high-quality interior details. On opening the doors, the first items to catch the eye are the AMG sports seats: the "corteccia pearl" designo leather is characterised by a shimmering metallic surface finish. The roof lining, A, B and C-pillars, as well as the sunblinds, are finished in anthracite Alcantara®, while carbon fibre/black piano lacquer AMG trim elements help to give the interior a functional atmosphere. Also making a perfect match for the designo leather seats are the designo floormats in black velour, featuring designo badge and designo leather insert in "corteccia pearl".

Chassis and braking system: Agile, dynamic, exclusive
The Mercedes-Benz CLS63 AMG also occupies an exceptional position in the areas of suspension and the braking system. The exclusive combination of AMG RIDE CONTROL sports suspension, electromechanical AMG sports parameter steering and AMG high-performance braking system guarantees a high level of driving dynamics, awe-inspiring agility and at the same time renowned Mercedes comfort on long journeys.

For the CLS63 AMG, the AMG engineers developed a new AMG RIDE CONTROL sports suspension which is characterised by a high degree of variability. A steel suspension is used at the front, and an all-air suspension system at the rear. This solution guarantees a sensitive response from the front springs while the vehicle is kept at a constant height thanks to the automatic level control system - irrespective of the load. The top-of-the-line AMG model differs from the other CLS variants with its newly developed three-link front suspension with wider track - increased by 24 mm, to 1623 mm, compared with the CLS 500. In conjunction with new hub carriers for more negative camber at the front, this provides much more grip when taking bends at high speed.

Another feature of the AMG RIDE CONTROL sports suspension is the electronically controlled damping system: the system varies the damping characteristics instantly according to the driving situation, road speed and load status, reducing the roll angle of the body. For the driver this means instant, continuously variable adjustment between the greatest possible agility and optimum ride comfort - depending on the driving style and route. The damping can also be individually adjusted by pressing the appropriate button in the AMG DRIVE UNIT. A push of a button is all it takes for the electronics to switch from "Comfort" to "Sport" or "Sport plus." The selected mode is displayed in the AMG instrument cluster.

Eleven sensors for electronic damper control
The electronic damper control utilises four sensors to permanently monitor the drive and brake torque along with steering angle and lateral acceleration. Four position sensors are also used to determine the ride height and to ascertain the direction of motion. Three acceleration sensors help identify the absolute body roll. Powerful control electronics that interact constantly with the engine and transmission control units instantly adjust the forces at the four shock absorbers.

New axle components and more direct steering
The high-grade axle components, made for the most part from aluminium, are further evidence of the painstakingly redesigned AMG RIDE CONTROL sports suspension. New steering knuckles, wishbones, torque strut bearings and head bearings at the front provide extra stability and improved road contact. A weight-optimised, thicker tubular stabiliser reduces body roll on fast S-shaped bends. The rear suspension has also been substantially reworked in the interests of enhanced handling stability: new track rods, push-pull rods and far more rigid mountings for the subframe - on which the rear axle is mounted - translate into enhanced dynamics when cornering. The AMG-specific kinematics and the new elastokinematics on both axles also noticeably increase precision during cornering - a solution that has already proven itself on the C63 AMG.

New, more direct electromechanical steering ratio
This is complemented by the newly developed electromechanical AMG sports parameter steering: with a steering ratio (14:1) which is 22 percent more direct than that of other CLS models, and in conjunction with the variable power assistance which adapts according to the suspension mode, it provides for decidedly agile handling when cornering. In addition, the electromechanical AMG sports parameter steering also makes an important contribution to efficiency, since the steering assist function only requires power when the driver actually steers. Compared with the previous model with regular hydraulic power steering, this enables savings of up to 0.3 litre/7 g CO2 per 100 km (NEDC combined) to be achieved.

In the new steering system the steering gear and the supporting servo-motor form a single compact unit and are mounted as previously on an extremely rigid and low-weight integral support frame, made of high-strength steel, which is positioned in front of the wheel's centre line. The high-performance control unit processes a variety of parameters captured by the sensors - including vehicle speed, steering angle, steering angle speed, lateral acceleration and also understeer/oversteer characteristics - and in a split second calculates the forces which the driver needs to input into the steering in different driving situations - from parking to high-speed motorway driving. Active damping enhances the feeling of safety when driving straight ahead at high speed.

AMG-specific solutions for enhanced steering precision and driving dynamics
An AMG-specific solution has been implemented in the form of the fixed, programmed power assistance characteristics. In suspension mode "C", the AMG sports parameter steering has a comfortable feel, providing a higher level of steering assistance. In "S+" mode, on the other hand, the driver will discern reduced steering assistance - which tends to result in a better road feel. This in turn results in enhanced response and steering precision. Another AMG exclusive is the interaction between the new steering and the 3-stage ESP®: the driver will feel if the vehicle starts to understeer thanks to a defined superposition of a steering moment earlier than with a regular power steering system. In "ESP SPORT" and "ESP OFF", the special control algorithm helps the driver to achieve a cleaner side-slip angle.

In addition to more precise steering and a more comfortable feel at the wheel, the new electric power steering offers a range of additional advantages. Power assistance remains available when the engine is stationary, for example - whereby an algorithm ensures that the combustion engine is not prompted to start up in ECO start/stop mode when the driver is merely moving the steering wheel while the vehicle is at a standstill. The new steering system has also enabled implementation of the "Active Park Assist" automatic parking function and relieves the strain on the driver on road surfaces which slope away towards the kerb.

The new steering system also assists with braking on a surface with vastly varying grip (split friction surface). Sensors recognise the impending yaw if the vehicle starts to turn in towards the side of the lane with more grip. Through the superposition of a steering moment the driver receives an impulse to countersteer. If s/he acts on this signal, the steering moment is withdrawn. Deploying the Steering Assist on split friction surfaces can help to improve both the directional stability and also shorten the braking time.

3-stage ESP® with Sport function
The 3-stage ESP® is also consistently tailored to the superb dynamic qualities of the CLS63 AMG: the Electronic Stability Program supports three individual control strategies at the push of a button: the ESP button in the AMG DRIVE UNIT allows the driver to choose between "ESP ON", "ESP SPORT" and "ESP OFF" - with the currently active mode shown in the display of the AMG instrument cluster. In "ESP ON", the onset of handling instability leads to braking intervention at one or more of the wheels, accompanied by a reduction in engine torque.

Briefly pressing the ESP button activates "ESP SPORT". In this mode the braking intervention to counter oversteer or understeer, as well as the accompanying reduction in engine torque, allows a higher dynamic threshold and, for instance, corresponding drift angles - thereby significantly enhancing driving enjoyment. Operating the brake pedal restores all the normal ESP functions. Prolonged pressure on the ESP® button activates "ESP OFF". In the interests of handling dynamics, there is no further reduction in engine torque - with the result that driving enjoyment is increased even further. "ESP OFF" should only be used by experienced drivers on dedicated racetracks. In this mode too, operating the brake pedal restores all the normal functions of ESP.

New ceramic composite high-performance braking system available as an option
As you would expect from an AMG high-performance car, the new Mercedes-Benz CLS63 AMG also comes with an ultra-powerful braking system. Internally ventilated and perforated brake discs with a generous 360-millimetre diameter are fitted front and rear. Because of the special stresses they face, the front discs feature composite technology that has been tried and tested in motor racing to help offset the temperature peaks more effectively. Grey-painted brake callipers with white AMG lettering and six-piston (front) and four-piston technology (rear) provide responsive, fade-resistant deceleration and extremely short stopping distances.

AMG ceramic composite high-performance brakes are available as an option and are instantly recognisable thanks to the "AMG Carbon Ceramic" logo on the brake callipers. Thanks to the special materials and production technology used to manufacture the discs from carbon-fibre-reinforced ceramic in a vacuum at 1700 degrees Celsius, the ceramic discs are much harder. This not only increases the service life many times over compared with a grey cast iron disc, but also their resistance to extreme loads and heat. The result is extremely short stopping distances, an exact pressure point and much higher fade resistance even under extreme operating conditions. The larger ceramic discs - front: 402 x 39 millimetres; rear: 360 x 32 millimetres - also feature a composite design and are connected with a floating radial mount to an aluminium bowl.

Compared with the conventional composite brake discs, the ceramic brake discs are around 40 percent lighter. The further reduction in unsprung masses not only boosts driving dynamics and agility but also improves steering response as well as ride comfort and contact characteristics. Six-piston fixed callipers are fitted at the front with a brake lining surface of 2 x 154 cm2; four-piston fixed callipers with a brake lining surface of 2 x 73 cm2 are used at the rear.

Numerous functions of the high-performance braking system enhance comfort and safety. Take the practical HOLD function: if the CLS63 AMG has come to a stop, the driver simply needs to press the brake pedal a little bit firmer. The vehicle is now held by the brake - even if the driver takes their foot off the brake pedal. This prevents the vehicle from unintentionally rolling forward in stop-and-go traffic or inadvertently rolling back on an uphill slope. The HOLD function is automatically disengaged once the vehicle is driven forward. Another useful feature comes in the shape of the hill-start assist. If the sensor technology detects that the driver has stopped on an incline, the brake pressure is automatically maintained constant for a short period. This means the CLS will not roll back and the driver has sufficient time to switch from the brake to the accelerator pedal without having to use the parking brake.

If the driver suddenly switches from the accelerator to the brake pedal prior to emergency braking, the braking system increases the pressure in the brake lines and applies the pads to the brake discs, so that they can grip instantly with full force when the brake pedal is pressed. The system supports the standard-fit Brake Assist by means of this 'priming'. Further standard features include the brake-drying function, which uses brief braking impulses to ensure the film of water on the brake discs is removed in the wet, thus considerably improving the responsiveness of the brakes.

Weight-optimised "Flow Forming" AMG light-alloy wheels
The newly developed AMG light-alloy wheels make a significant contribution to the dynamic handling of the Mercedes-Benz CLS63 AMG. As on the SLS AMG, they are produced by the new "flow forming" process. During this production process, hot forming in the area of the rim base makes for a denser material structure, thereby improving long-term durability. This also means that lower wall thicknesses can be achieved. The weight saving of up to 0.8 kg per wheel compared to conventional light-alloy wheels reduces the unsprung masses, further improving the handling dynamics and suspension comfort.

The Coupé is fitted as standard with titanium grey-painted wheels featuring a high-sheen finish and new triple-spoke design. The 9.0 x 19 format front wheels are fitted with 255/35 R 19-size tyres, while the 10 x 19 format rear wheels come with 285/30 R 19-size tyres. Available as an optional extra from the AMG Performance Studio are AMG light-alloy forged wheels in a 5-twin-spoke design and painted in titanium grey with a polished finish. They come with 255/35 R 19 (front) and 285/30 R 19 (rear) wide-base tyres.

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Suzuki Splash, 2012

 

•  Suzuki Splash, 2012

Suzuki announced the 2012 Splash Mini-MPV, incorporating styling refreshments to both exterior and interior that brings Suzuki Splash right up to date for the second half of 2012 and beyond. Most importantly there are no increases in pricing and Suzuki's very popular VAT free offers have now been extended across the Suzuki Splash range with the 1.0-litre SZ2 available from just £7,777.

The list of changes includes new front and rear bumper styling, new bonnet and grille design, new design seat fabric and graphite colour scheme, Piano Black finish to centre console and Black cloth finish to the front door armrests. The changes in bumper designs have resulted in an overall increase in length of 60mm, taking Suzuki Splash to a still very compact 3,775mm.

Sparkling Blue metallic has now also been added to the colour range as an option, adding to Galactic Grey, Silky Silver and Cosmic Black metallic paint finishes as well as Superior White and Bright Red standard solid colours.

Suzuki Splash is compact enough to manoeuvre with ease through narrow streets or to slot into tight parking spots. Yet on the inside its elevated driving position means it can comfortably seat five adults with plenty of legroom and luggage space, at the same time providing a great view of the road. The high seating position makes for easy entry and exit, while folding the one-touch rear seats forward - split 60:40 - creates a virtually flat load floor and opens up 573 litres of luggage space (VDA), including a handy waterproof compartment beneath the boot floor.

Two spirited but highly economical engines are offered: Suzuki's 68 PS VVT 1.0-litre (Variable Valve Timing) three cylinder unit and latest Dual VVT (inlet and exhaust camshaft) 94 PS 1.2-litre petrol engine that was first used in the all-new Swift.

Both engines are tuned and engineered with an emphasis on everyday driveability and cost-effective motoring with combined fuel consumptions of 60.1mpg for the 1.0-litre and 55.4mpg for the 1.2-litre (automatic 49.6mpg). The 1.0-litre emits just 109g/km of CO2 meaning it qualifies for £20 annual road tax, free in the first year. Manual transmission 1.2 litre models with emissions of 118g/km cost just £10 more in annual VED, again free in the first year.

Five models make up the Suzuki Splash range. The 1.0-litre is available in SZ2 and SZ3 trim; the 1.2 model is available in either SZ3 or SZ4 grades, with optional automatic transmission available on the SZ4.

All Suzuki Splash models offer a comprehensive equipment list as standard including four airbags, CD tuner with MP3 player and steering wheel-mounted audio controls; leather-trimmed steering wheel; remote central locking; front electric windows with driver's auto-down; electrically adjustable and heated door mirrors; height-adjustable front seats; tilt adjustable steering wheel and an information display. 1.0-litre SZ3 models upwards add air conditioning as standard.

Step up from SZ3 1.2-litre to SZ4 and the standard specification is even higher with ESP® (Electronic Stability Programme); curtain shield airbags, 15 inch alloys, front foglamps, keyless entry and start and privacy glass for the rear side windows and tailgate.

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Toyota FCV-R Concept, 2012

 

 

 

 

 

•  Toyota FCV-R Concept, 2012

Toyota believes that, when it comes to the development of future powertrains to safeguard sustainable mobility, one size definitely does not fit all requirements.

Different powertrain needs and solutions are determined not only by vehicle size and travel distance, but also by regional variations in energy availability, infrastructure and regulations.

As hybrid, plug-in hybrid, electric and fuel cell vehicles replace most of today's conventional cars, electric vehicles will be used for short-distance travel, and fuel cell vehicles for middle- to long-distance journeys.

Reinforcing the company's environmental lead in the drive towards sustainable mobility, Toyota's Hybrid Synergy Drive® technology has been specifically designed to be 'future proof', and is readily adaptable to use in Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles (PHEV), Electric Vehicles (EV) and Fuel Cell Vehicles (FCV).

The Significance of Fuel Cell Technology
Toyota believes that the solutions to energy and emissions issues offered by the Fuel Cell Vehicle (FCV) make it the closest technology yet to the ultimate eco-car, with hydrogen as an ideal, ultra-clean energy source.

Producing electricity through a chemical reaction between hydrogen (stored in the vehicle) and oxygen (from the air), a fuel cell structure comprises electrodes and polyelectrolyte films sandwiched between separators. When hundreds of cells are stacked together, the result is a fuel cell 'stack', known as an FC stack.

Generating zero CO2, NOx or PM and with water vapour the only emission, a fuel cell displays outstanding energy efficiency. In theory, it can convert as much as 83% of hydrogen's energy into electric power. This is about twice the efficiency possible with current generation petrol and diesel engines.

Not only does a hydrogen fuel cell powertrain's extreme efficiency save energy and drive down costs, it also delivers a uniquely quiet, smooth driving experience with the bare minimum of noise, vibration or harshness, while providing a long driving range and a refuelling process as quick as that of conventionally powered vehicles.

Key Challenge: The Hydrogen Infrastructure
Offering future global energy security, hydrogen can be made from a wide variety of raw materials, from petroleum and natural gas to biomass. It can also be produced through the electrolysis of water. Carrying out electrolysis using electricity generated from natural energy sources such as solar, wind or hydro-power enables the production of hydrogen without the commensurate generation of significant CO2 emissions.

Nonetheless, a smooth shift to a hydrogen-based society will be a significant undertaking. Reaching a consensus on from what to make hydrogen, how to deliver it and how to implement a fuelling infrastructure depends on the combined efforts of all sectors of society, including governments.

To that end -and in anticipation of the imminent commercialisation of a number of FCVs - Toyota, amongst other manufacturers, signed a Letter of Understanding in September 2009 calling for oil and energy companies and government organisations to cooperate in the creation of hydrogen infrastructure networks of sufficient density in Europe, Japan, Korea and the United States in 2015.

In Europe, a hydrogen infrastructure has already begun to emerge. It is of sufficient density to allow Toyota to road test and build the profile of hydrogen fuel cells as a viable powertrain.

Toyota's 20 Year History of Fuel Cell Development
Toyota began work on FCVs in 1992, developing its own hydrogen fuel cells and high-pressure hydrogen storage tanks in house. The company applies its own Hybrid Synergy Drive® technology to FCV development, replacing petrol engines with fuel cells, and petrol fuel tanks with high pressure hydrogen tanks. The Toyota FC stack is a performance leader in fuel cell technology.

Toyota demonstrated its first Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV) in 1996. Every year since then, the company has improved fuel cell technology and extended its capabilities to increase performance, driving range and commercial viability.

In 2002, Toyota developed the world's first Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicle for limited lease, and the first FC bus certified by Japanese government. In the past decade, the company has continued its work on residential fuel cell development, put fuel cell buses on the road and, in 2008, launched the FCHV-adv.

The Toyota FCHV-adv offered a 25% improvement in fuel efficiency and, through the use of Toyota-developed, 70 MPa high-pressure hydrogen storage tanks, had a single-fill-up cruising range of approximately 830 km -more than twice that of its predecessor. Furthermore, the Toyota FCHV-adv could operate in -30°C, greatly improving its cold weather performance.

Fuel Cell Technology Development Challenges and Testing
Toyota is already overcoming some of the historical barriers to the creation of marketable fuel cell vehicles. This includes closing in on its goal to offer a driving range comparable to conventional powertrains and performance at temperatures down to -35°C.

Following further fine-tuning and technological development, Toyota will introduce an affordable sedan-type FCV which matches the performance of conventional, combustion engine vehicle in Japan, the U.S. and Europe by 2015.

In addition, Toyota is preparing to be able to supply tens of thousands of vehicles annually in the 2020s, when FCVs are expected to achieve full, mass-market commercialisation. This market growth will be boosted by the further roll out of FCV technology, the increased availability of hydrogen refuelling stations and the reduction in costs which accompanies a maturing technology.

The Toyota FCV-R Concept - Futuristic Styling and Advanced Infotainment
Through the fusion of advanced technology, smart thinking and intelligent packaging, the Toyota FCV-R combines breakthrough innovation with ergonomic practicality and futuristic styling.

Incorporating the Under Priority and Keen Look design elements of the latest Toyota family design, the front and rear styling employs a "W" motif, symbolizing the fuel cell cooling system. This creates a sleek, aerodynamically efficient cabin silhouette and a unique road presence.

Within the clean, crisply detailed interior, the seats are 'robed' in the manner of traditional Japanese costume. A centre console-mounted, twin-screen evolution of Toyota Touch Life -recently launched on Toyota iQ- provides easy access to the main infotainment controls.

The lower, icon-display touch-screen is designed to control the navigation, audio and air conditioning systems. Located within the driver's line of sight to minimise distraction time, the upper screen displays the most relevant driver information, including the navigation map and guidance in 3D.

The system has been designed for easy connection with a smartphone, both replicating phone applications on the vehicle's display screen and relaying vehicle information to the phone.

Much of the smart thinking behind the Toyota FCV-R can be seen in the interior packaging. The vehicle is just 4,745 mm long, 1,510 mm high and 1,790 mm wide. The fuel cell stack is smaller than in previous FCVs, and sits under the seats, along with twin hydrogen tanks.

The combined volume of the hydrogen tanks equips the Toyota FCV-R with a driving range of approximately 700 km whilst generating zero CO2, NOx or PM and with water vapour the only emission. The twin hydrogen tanks and the FC stack are located beneath the vehicle floor, maximising both cabin and luggage space to create an entirely practical family sedan.

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