McLaren MP4-12C Spider, 2013

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

•  McLaren MP4-12C Spider, 2013

The new McLaren MP4-12C Spider, unveiled at the 2012 Pebble Beach weekend in California, is the second vehicle in the growing range of high performance sports cars from McLaren Automotive. This lightweight, mid-engine open-top sports car combines the astonishing performance of the 12C with the increased exhilaration of roof-down motoring. Unlike most other spiders or convertibles, the 12C Spider offers the same performance, handling and driver enjoyment as the fixed-roof coupé version.

The 12C Spider uses the industry-leading carbon fibre MonoCell as the 12C, which needs no extra strengthening to provide the necessary rigidity and strength for an open roof car. In conventional steel or aluminium chassis cars, extra strengthening - and associated weight increase - is normal during the conversion from fixed-head coupé to open-roof convertible. This can compromise performance, handling and driving enjoyment.

The composure of a sports car, the fun of a convertible
'In the new 12C Spider you get the best of both worlds,' says McLaren Automotive Managing Director Antony Sheriff. 'You get all the performance and driving integrity of the 12C, plus the thrill of open-roof motoring.

The new 12C Spider is mechanically identical to the 12C. It uses the upgraded 625PS engine, which is part of the 12C Model Year 2013 upgrade. Acceleration - 0-62mph (100 km/h) - takes just 3.1 seconds (when fitted with Pirelli P Zero Corsa tyres), the same as the coupé. Fuel consumption and emissions also remain the same, returning 24.2 mpg (11.7 l/100km) on the combined cycle and 279g/km. The figures are much better than most high performance convertible sports cars, in keeping with McLaren's commitment to class-leading fuel efficiency. Maximum speed is 204 mph (329 km/h).

The Retractable Hard Top (RHT) on the 12C Spider is a fully automatic two-piece design which can be raised or lowered in less than 17 seconds at speeds of up to 30 km/h (19 mph). When lowered, the roof stows beneath a body coloured hard tonneau cover which incorporates twin buttresses. With the roof raised, the area beneath the tonneau cover can be used as additional luggage space.

The 12C Spider features a heated glass rear window, which can be operated independently of the roof. With the roof down, the rear window moves automatically to an 'aero' position to minimise buffeting. Additionally, with the roof up, the window can be lowered to give direct access to the sound of the twin-turbo 3.8-litre V8 engine mounted directly behind the cabin.

A roll over protection system includes a steel structure within each of the rear buttresses to absorb any impact and protect occupants. An 'active' pop-up system was ruled out as it would have added weight.

The detail changes of the 12C Spider extend to both the audio and climate control systems. Audio output changes when the roof is open - to compensate for extra external noise - while the climate control adapts when the roof is lowered.

12C programme included Spider from the outset
'The 12C Spider is not a converted version of the 12C,' notes Sheriff. 'Importantly, the two were conceived and developed at the same time, and alongside each other. The 12C programme included a coupé and convertible from the outset. The carbon fibre MonoCell chassis and all other mechanical components were designed to produce maximum performance in both configurations.

'The 12C Spider fully subscribes to the McLaren overriding principle, that every single component should be 'Pure McLaren'. Each constituent part was conceived, designed and produced to McLaren specification - nothing is shared from other manufacturers. The goal is to maximise driving enjoyment, performance and efficiency. Just as important, we always seek to innovate. By producing the 12C Spider with all the performance, handling and ride quality of the 12C, we have done just that.'

12C SPIDER: THE DETAILS
As with the 12C, everything on the 12C Spider was designed for a reason. There is no unnecessary 'jewellery', no styling fripperies. It is a 'pure' sports car, designed to deliver maximum driving appeal and performance, with unmatched efficiency.

'As with all McLarens, the 12C Spider is a racing car at heart,' notes Design Director Frank Stephenson. 'That is not true of many - if any - other high performance convertibles.

'It has the same timeless elegant style that distinguishes the 12C but with the added romance of open-top driving,' adds Stephenson. 'We have tried very hard to preserve the same design purity. With the roof in place, it looks like a coupé sports car that could just as easily be at Le Mans, as in London or Los Angeles. With the roof down, it looks like it belongs on Sunset Boulevard or the Cote d'Azur.'

Retractable Hard Top (RHT)
The Retractable Hard Top (RHT) has been designed specifically for the 12C Spider. Low weight, combined with high strength, was of paramount importance - as with all areas of the 12C.

The two roof panels and tonneau are made from the same composite material used in the construction of the 12C body. This is light, strong and allows for a very high standard of paint finish. Heated rear glass completes the roof construction.

The fully automatic mechanism raises or lowers the roof in less than 17 seconds, and can be activated at speeds up to 30 km/h (19 mph). It is controlled by a two-position switch on the centre panel within the cabin.

At the end of the roof lowering cycle, the windows fully close, and the rear glass adopts an 'aero' position that also reduces cabin wind buffeting. Continuing to hold the switch after the cycle is complete fully lowers the windows and rear cabin glass.
The RHT is operated by a single hydraulic pump. It is mounted as low as possible in the vehicle to optimise the centre of gravity, and improve handling.

Dual-purpose tonneau cover
When lowered, the roof stows beneath a body coloured hard tonneau cover which incorporates twin buttresses. With the roof raised, the area beneath the tonneau cover can be used as additional luggage space. This can accommodate 52 litres of luggage in two specially designed bags, supplied as standard. This is in addition to the 144 litres of luggage space provided under the bonnet.

Retractable rear glass provides increased audible drama
The rear glass can also be operated independently of the RHT. Roof up, the rear glass can be lowered to allow more engine sound into the cabin and also allows for a semi-open driving experience even in inclement weather. Roof down, the screen acts as a wind deflector, minimising disturbance in the cabin.

Roll over protection system
A roll over protection system ensures maximum occupant safety. Each rear buttress contains a steel structure to absorb the impact energy and protect both driver and passenger. An 'active' pop-up system would have added unnecessary weight.

Carbon fibre MonoCell ideally suited for convertible use
As with the mechanically identical 12C, the 12C Spider is a mid-engine two-seat rear-drive high performance sports car. Unlike rivals, it uses a carbon fibre monocoque chassis, the MonoCell. This confers major advantages in weight, strength and torsional rigidity - all improving handling, ride comfort and performance.

The MonoCell is a unique one-piece moulded chassis that weighs just 75kgs (165lbs). It is 25 per cent stiffer than an equivalent all-metal structure and 25 per cent lighter than a comparable aluminium chassis (the difference with a steel chassis is even greater). It is also stronger and safer in a crash, acting as a safety survival cell, as it does in a Formula 1 car.

'It provides the perfect combination of occupant space, structural integrity and light weight,' explains Chief Engineer Neil Patterson. 'It is the ideal chassis to deliver groundbreaking efficiency and performance in the sports car market.'

The MonoCell is unchanged from 12C to 12C Spider, as it was originally designed for both applications. 'This is highly unusual,' notes Patterson. 'Most convertibles require a strengthened chassis to reduce flex, thus adding weight - while still not achieving the structural integrity of a coupé. This flex can compromise handling precision and reduce ride comfort; while the added weight affects performance.'

The carbon fibre MonoCell not only gives advantages in strength and weight, it also improves packaging. The one-piece moulded design has been created to provide the perfect cabin - roomy, yet compact. 'We started with the driver,' says Design Director Frank Stephenson. 'With the 12C and 12C Spider, the driver sits close to the centre line of the car, improving control and driver enjoyment. The pedals are positioned inboard, reducing wheel well intrusion. The result is the perfect driving environment- unique and uncompromised.'

The steering column is centred on the driver, and is parallel to his seat and shoulders. The brake and throttle pedals are both placed directly in line with the driver and all primary controls are within reach. The overall cabin architecture is both elegant in its design and uncluttered and intuitive to use.

As with the 12C, the 12C Spider has class-leading all-round visibility. 'Enormous emphasis was put on ensuring excellent visibility, both for safety and driving precision,' adds Stephenson.

McLaren: The carbon innovators
The carbon fibre MonoCell of the 12C and 12C Spider follows more than three decades of McLaren carbon innovation. In 1981, McLaren Racing introduced the carbon monocoque to Formula 1™. It offered an unbeatable combination of strength and weight-saving, and soon recorded the first victory for a carbon-based F1 car, at the British GP, driven by John Watson.

The legendary McLaren F1 road car, launched in 1992, was the first road car to use a carbon chassis and body. In fact, since 1981 McLaren has never built a car without a carbon chassis.

On the 12C and 12C Spider, aluminium extrusions and castings are jig welded onto front and rear structures and bolted directly to the MonoCell. Along with the carbon MonoCell, they carry the lightweight composite body panels. Apart from the roof, and the engine cover, body panels are identical to the 12C. A redesigned glass engine cover maintains an unobstructed view of the handsome twin turbo V8 engine.

'The front and rear aluminium structures are easy to repair,' adds Patterson. 'They absorb impacts and can be replaced easily. Cars with full aluminium chassis use their structure to absorb and crumple on impact, causing more damage and expense to the whole structure, including the passenger cell.'

Unique Airbrake provides active aerodynamics
As with the 12C, the 12C Spider is fitted with the unique McLaren Airbrake - an 'active' rear wing that increases its angle to boost downforce and improve stopping power and stability through corners. 'As with every other aspect of the car, we have "added lightness",' notes McLaren Automotive Chief Test Driver, Chris Goodwin. 'Under heavy braking above 95 km/h, a piston operated by the transmission hydraulics raises the Airbrake to 32 degrees. Once this wing angle is set, and the Airbrake is pushed into the airflow, the centre of aerodynamic pressure forces the bottom of the wing up to 69 degrees. With the use of clever aerodynamics, rather than a bigger, heavier motor, the wing is deployed to its full and maximum angle. This weight-saving thinking has reduced the weight of the mechanism by 50 per cent.'

The 'active' aerodynamics of the McLaren Airbrake is another Formula 1™-derived innovation - although now banned, as it conferred a substantial performance advantage.

The total weight of the new 12C Spider is 1,474 kg, an increase of only 40 kg on the 12C, less than any other car in the class. The increase is because of the added weight of the Retractable Hard Top and other small changes, including a slightly heavier (by 2 kg) exhaust system. Overall, the 12C Spider is substantially lighter than most comparable convertibles, as well as being stronger and stiffer.

ENGINE AND TRANSMISSION
The light weight philosophy does not begin and end with the body and chassis of the 12C Spider. A light structure enables the designers to save weight through the whole design process. This includes the unique 3.8-litre twin turbo V8 engine, which weighs just 199 kg (439lbs).

Designed by McLaren Automotive, the British-made M838T engine features dry sump lubrication and a flat plane crankshaft, both of which have helped engineers place the engine extremely low in the chassis, lowering the centre of gravity and optimising handling and agility.

'The engine in the 12C and 12C Spider offers low weight, low-rev tractability, potent mid-range performance and extensive high-rev reach,' says Richard Farquhar, Function Group Manager for Powertrain. 'It also has a level of refinement and efficiency you wouldn't normally expect from a V8.'

Power boost for 2013
The McLaren MP4-12C Spider, along with the Model Year 2013 12C, gets the latest and more powerful 625PS (616hp) version of the engine, to give even more vivid acceleration with no loss of efficiency. Fuel economy has not been affected: it is still 24.2 mpg (combined) with emissions of just 279 g/km - excellent figures for so powerful a vehicle.

Revisions have also been made to the innovative Intake Sound Generator (ISG). This system works by controlling engine intake noise within the cabin at differing levels, depending on the Powertrain mode selected for the car. Moving up through Normal, Sport and Track Powertrain modes enhances the aural drama and driving experience of the 12C, allowing more of the natural sound of the V8 engine noise to enter the cabin. This allows the 12C Spider to be dramatic and exciting when required, but then also quieter for long distance journeys. With the 2013 specification 12C and 12C Spider, the driver can select the level of engine noise delivered in each mode through an electronic menu, accessible via the instrument cluster.

The exhaust system is the only part of the engine that has been changed for the 12C Spider. To ensure the audible experience is optimised for open-top driving, the exhaust has been developed to suit the harmonics of the 12C Spider body shape. An optional sports exhaust system is available, which is both lighter and louder than the standard equipment.

The seven-speed dual clutch 'SSG' transmission used in the 12C Spider is unchanged from that used in the 12C. It utilizes the Model Year 2013 upgrades, including crisper throttle response and improved clutch control. Gear changes are now faster and smoother. Like the 12C, it is available in Normal, Sport and Track gearshift modes providing progressively faster shifts, and differing shift points when in automatic mode. These modes are selected using the 'Powertrain' dial on the Active Dynamics Panel.

SUSPENSION
The goal with the 12C and 12C Spider was to offer executive car-like ride quality and sharp, agile handling. This is a combination of abilities that has never been seen on high-performance convertibles before.

Convertibles - especially fast convertibles - tend to have compromised ride and handling and often use different suspension settings than their fixed-head counterparts. The 12C Spider is a revelation. The exceptional strength and rigidity provided by the carbon fibre MonoCell means that the 12C Spider is able to retain exactly the same suspension components and settings as the groundbreaking 12C.

ProActive Chassis Control makes anti-roll bars redundant
The 12C Spider uses the same ProActive Chassis Control that proved such a revelation with the 12C. The suspension is based on double wishbones with coil springs, like a Formula 1 car. Innovative adaptive dampers, interconnected hydraulically and linked to a gas-filled accumulator, provide pro-active responses, depending on road conditions and driver preferences. Normal, Sport and Track settings are available which operate independently of the transmission settings.

One of the advantages of ProActive Chassis Control is that it makes traditional metal anti-roll bars unnecessary. Notes Paul Burnham, McLaren Automotive Vehicle Dynamics Manager: 'An anti-roll bar is a popular and simple solution to reducing a car's roll. But the problem is that its stiffness is always there, reducing ride suppleness and comfort. The ProActive Chassis Control system, with its interconnected adaptive dampers, takes care of body roll without the need to use separate metal anti-roll bars. It is a large factor in our goal to offer the best high performance sports car handling and yet also offer executive car ride suppleness.'

Electronic sensors monitor the movement of the body and the wheels, increasing the levels of damping as and when required.

Brake Steer is another important technology that helps to boost the agility of the 12C Spider. It is yet another Formula 1™ technology that McLaren uses on the 12C. However, unlike many of those technologies, Brake Steer is now banned in Formula 1™ because it offered a clear performance advantage. This was shown by the successful implementation in 1997 on McLaren's 1997 Formula 1™ car.

The Brake Steer system offers the same benefits as a 'torque vectoring' differential, but is up to 20 kg lighter - part of the 'weight down' philosophy used on the 12C and 12C Spider. The system uses the hardware of the 12C's existing Electronic Stability Control (ESC) to apply braking forces to the inside rear wheel, improving turn-in to corners, boosting cornering speed, agility and driver confidence.

Standard brakes - forged aluminium bell and cast iron ventilated and cross-drilled discs - are optimised for weight, saving around 8 kg from standard cast iron. Optional Ceramic Composite Matrix (CCM) brake discs are also available saving a further 3.7 kg.

INTERIOR
The McLaren MP4-12C Spider cabin design is identical to the 12C, offering a range of material and colour options allowing customers a great degree of freedom to personalise their car. This includes the, new for Model Year 2013, Semi-Aniline leather sport interior, which features a more naturally textured finish. The interior of the RHT roof panels are lined either in Carbon Black Fabric or optional Carbon Black Alcantara.

Audio and climate systems specially calibrated for the 12C Spider
Typical of McLaren attention to detail, the climate control and audio systems have been totally recalibrated, to compensate for top-down driving.

The audio system, developed specifically for the 12C Spider by Meridian, the bespoke British hi-fi specialists, optimises the music output depending whether the car is running with the top up or down. Meridian was involved in the audio system's development from the very outset of the car's design, to optimise audio quality.

The Automatic Volume Control (AVC) and Automatic Tone Control (ATC) are both recalibrated for the 12C Spider. Individual speakers are automatically adjusted to take into account increases in external sound.

The climate control system is also recalibrated to automatically adjust when the roof is lowered. Airflow to the windscreen is reduced and, instead, redirected to the lower cabin vents. Fan speed also responds to vehicle speed, to maintain the desired temperature.

When the roof is up, the climate control settings from the 12C are applied. However, even when the rear cabin glass is lowered - which can be done independently of the roof - the climate control system is automatically adjusted to ensure constant cabin temperature and occupant comfort.

MANUFACTURING
The McLaren MP4-12C Spider is built at the new £40 million McLaren Production Centre (MPC) facility in Woking, Surrey, adjacent to the McLaren Technology Centre (MTC). The manufacturing facility was opened in November 2011 by UK Prime Minister David Cameron and McLaren Group Chairman Ron Dennis.

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Mazda CX-5, 2013

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

•  Mazda CX-5, 2013

Mazda is unveiling the all-new Mazda CX-5 compact crossover SUV at the 2011 Frankfurt Motor Show. The CX-5 is the first vehicle of a new Mazda generation that  adopt the full range of Mazda's breakthrough SKYACTIV TECHNOLOGY and new design theme, 'KODO - Soul of Motion', which was showcased by the Mazda SHINARI and Mazda MINAGI concept cars.

The new Mazda CX-5 will be introduced progressively to global markets beginning early in 2012. Developed around SKYACTIV TECHNOLOGY - including all-new Mazda petrol and diesel engines, manual and automatic transmissions, body and chassis - the CX-5 delivers precise response and a high-quality, rewarding ride matched to outstanding environmental and safety performance.

The CX-5 is the first of a new generation of Mazda vehicles that will evolve the company's hallmark fun-to-drive character by providing a new level of driving pleasure.

Aiming for the Best of all Worlds - Making a crossover SUV with enduring appeal
CX-5 Programme Manager, Hideaki Tanaka, says: "We aimed to develop a vehicle with a long-term appeal that would delight owners and make them proud for years to come. I think that these were the most important values we had to embody in the CX-5. We wanted to deliver the best of all worlds in order to suit the various lifestyles and life stages of our customers, and satisfy their high expectations over the long term. Specifically, we focused on providing pleasure through the CX-5's appearance, ist precise handling, its insightful functionality, and its long-term appeal. By aiming to achieve the ideal in each area, we pursued the innovation of driving pleasure."

Innovation for a "Purer" Sense of Driving Pleasure - Concentrating on the most essential elements and enhancing what feels good

The Mazda CX-5 development team focused on form, performance, function and texture, investigated all points of contact between the driver and the vehicle, and examined how to make them more pleasing. Then they prioritized ergonomic design and concentrated on the most essential elements in order to provide a "purer" sense of driving pleasure.

Design - Form that conveys a strong sense of vitality and agility
Following the Mazda MINAGI concept car that was unveiled at the 2011 Geneva Motor Show, the CX-5 becomes the first production model to feature Mazda's new design theme, 'KODO - Soul of Motion'. Chief Designer, Masashi Nakayama says: "With the CX-5, our focus was on expressing a strong sense of vitality and agility. We looked at videos of cheetahs; their agile footwork and how they use their entire body as a spring to accelerate rapidly and change the direction instantly. They emanate great energy throughout their entire body. Inspired by their efficient yet beautiful movements, we aimed to push the SUV appearance to new levels with KODO design language."

The exterior design features bold styling that simultaneously expresses SUV-like solidity and functionality with Mazda's characteristic sense of vitality and agility. Inside, Mazda created a driver-oriented cabin with solid styling that reflects the Mazda CX-5's strength and high rigidity.

KODO: SOUL OF MOTION
Over the years Mazda has often explored the idea of 'motion' to inspire its unique vehicle designs. The new generation of Mazda cars, beginning with the CX-5 compact crossover SUV, is influenced by nature's power and beauty.

They have been evolved by taking the instantaneous movement of animals or humans as inspiration. This instantaneous movement is the ultimate form of motion, filled with vitality and emotion; it is the essence of Mazda's new design language 'KODO - Soul of Motion'.

The new design language was first introduced in 2010 with the SHINARI concept, a 4-door sports coupe created by the design team led by Ikuo Maeda, General Manager Design Division of Mazda Corporation. The Shinari incorporates all design elements of the KODO theme and was followed by the MINAGI concept car, a compact crossover SUV that was the forerunner of today's Mazda CX-5, the first mass production vehicle that fully applies KODO design.

Exterior

• Front view: a new Mazda family face centred on a new 'signature wing' expresses strength and depth.
• Rear view: The contrast of prominent rear fenders and taut rear end conveys toughness and grace that underline its athletic form.
• Side view: The prominent front fenders and sculptured body sides accentuate a sense of power which suggests powerful muscles.
• The exterior design contributes to excellent aerodynamics (Target Cd of 0.33) and a quite cabin.

Interior
    The driver's side, especially the meter hood, has a deep, longitudinally stretched design that resembles a cockpit and produces a sense of forward momentum. The detailed, high-quality meter design raises the driver's anticipation for the ride ahead.
    On the passenger side, the instrument panel looks ample and solid, with a horizontal design that generates a sense of security.
    New soft materials are adopted for the instrument panel and door trim that are most often seen and touched.
    Parts that are used most often, like the steering wheels spokes and inner door handles, have a satin chrome finish, which enhances the high-quality, genuine feel of the interior.

Functionality
The development team thoroughly researched what features are needed to deliver comfort and convenience, and focused on providing flexibility that drivers and passengers can enjoy with ease. The development team realized a comfortable and user-friendly interior with noticeably efficient use of space and intelligent functionality. Additionally, the human-machine interface (HMI) presents information in an intuitive and easy-to-understand way that can be read in an instant, in order to minimize the driver's eye movement and create a cockpit environment that aids driver concentration.

Spacious, practical and smart
The 2,700 mm wheelbase, one of the segment's longest, enabled streamlined styling and a comfortable cabin.

Class-leading rear seat legroom of 997 mm. Spacious rear seats in which adult passengers can ride in comfort with ample knee space.
500 litres of useable luggage space (including a sub trunk) is maximized by removing protrusions and dead space.

Smart, easy-to-use KARAKURI functionality. The world's first 40:20:40 split independent rear seats with a remote fold-down function. The rear centre seat creates a large flat luggage space when folded down. The tonneau cover automatically lifts up and down as the rear liftgate is opened and closed.

As well as comfortably accommodating two adults, the 40:20:40 split rear seats enable long objects to be loaded by folding the centre seat down flat, even with two child seats installed on both sides. The rear seats can be folded down remotely by a simple flick of levers located at the back of the luggage area.

Provides generous storage capacity demanded of an SUV, including a large open space in the centre console that can hold all sorts of items, and front and rear door pockets large enough to take a 1-litre bottle.

Advanced Human Machine Interface (HMI) with high connectivity and intuitive operation
A 5.8-inch colour touch screen monitor is positioned in the centre at the top of the dashboard, and shows data related to the infotainment system — including audio, phone connection — and contains the new navigation system.

Mazda CX-5's new HMI system improves safety by minimizing the driver's eye movement away from the road. The menu controls for the steering-wheel-mounted switches are arranged according to function, a centre display touch screen, and a HMI commander are positioned on the centre console. With the vehicle stopped, the driver might operate it by touch screen. During driving, the driver can operate the menu more safely and easily with the HMI commander. This layout also enables some functions, especially navigation, to be operated intuitively from the passenger seat.

Its new integrated navigation system is based on the latest TomTom technology, one of Europe's most popular provider of navigation system. For an affordable price, customers can enjoy more accurate arrival-time estimates, which are calculated based on previously recorded data, and better suggestions for alternate routes to avoid traffic jams. By accessing the homepage through a personal computer at home, customers can also download new roads that are not listed on maps. For an extra fee, Tom Tom Live Services are also available depending on country). These provides more accurate real-time traffic information, weather forecasts, fuel prices and other constantly updated information.

For high connectivity, customers can connect their mobile MP3 players or mobile phones via USB or Bluetooth connection to the HMI system. Searching for your favourite song is made easy as title, album and artist will be displayed on the touch screen.

The best way to listen to your favourite music in the Mazda CX-5 is on a BOSE surround-sound system - with a new-generation energy-efficient amplifier and subwoofer.

Dynamic Performance
Regarding dynamic performance, the ultimate goal of the Mazda CX-5 development team was to make the vehicle move precisely according to the driver's wishes. To attain precise response, engineers concentrated on transferring the high performance levels of SKYACTIV TECHNOLOGY to the driver and used what is called a PDCA cycle to comprehensively analyze the driving process:
    Plan: the driver forms a vision of what he wants to do
    Do: the driver communicates his intention to the vehicle
    Check: the driver receives feedback from the vehicle confirming that its motion perfectly matches his intention
    Action: the driver proceeds to the next action

First, the development team focused on creating a cockpit environment to communicate the driver's intention to the vehicle. To enable linear operation, they optimized every point of contact between car and driver including driving position, pedals, steering wheel, seat hold, and field-of-view. Next, they examined the quality of feedback coming from the car. The test drivers judged this quality by asking, "Did I control the car as I wanted?" and "Do I need to change the way the car responds?" In order to boost the quality of vehicle feedback, the team worked on making the feedback match the driver's expectations by making it highly predictable. Their objective here is to enable the driver to input his intention with a single action, removing the need for any corrective inputs and creating conditions where the driver and vehicle are perfectly synchronized. In addition to this, the team added an overall development target to create ideal conditions in which the driver's input and vehicle feedback were in complete harmony over the full range of motions from going, turning and stopping.

The superb ride quality of the Mazda CX-5, and its precise response, can be felt the instant the steering wheel and pedals are operated, and this feeling intensifies the more one drives it.

All-new Mazda SKYACTIV Chassis & Body
The Mazda CX-5 has newly-developed strut suspension in the front and a multi-link layout in the rear. The geometry of the suspension links and the bush characteristics are optimized to ensure light, linear steering response at mid-to-low speeds and excellent high-speed stability. The rear dampers also have a forward-tilting layout, increasing comfort even on rough road surfaces.

A newly-developed electric power assist steering system offers highly precise control according to vehicle speed. At mid-to-low speeds, it provides natural feedback and linear feeling from small to large angle inputs. At high speeds, it gives firm, confidence-inspiring feedback.

The brakes deliver easily-controllable, precise and assured braking performance from low to high speeds.

The lightweight yet rigid SKYACTIV-BODY framework is optimized for handling stability, low NVH and excellent collision safety performance. It supports the Mazda CX-5's rewarding and high-quality, responsive ride.

Care was taken with NVH to ensure the driver hears necessary audio feedback while actively eliminating intrusive noises. Noises were initially separated into road noise and engine noise. For each, the unpleasant low-frequency, mid-frequency and high-frequency noises were individually identified and efficiently eradicated, resulting in a quiet cabin environment.

To achieve smooth airflow under the vehicle and suppress eddies forming behind it, the air is directed upwards using a new underfloor design. The development team effectively reduced underfloor air resistance and optimized the aerodynamic shape of the upper body argeting an outstanding Cd of 0.33.

All-new Mazda SKYACTIV Powertrains
The SKYACTIV-G 2.0 petrol engine models have the world highest compression ratio of 14.0:1, and their 4-2-1 exhaust system prevents knocking and provides abundant torque from low engine speeds, enabling acceleration that precisely matches the driver's intention. Models with this engine achieve outstanding fuel economy, precise response, and a high-quality, linear and rewarding ride:
    FWD: Maximum torque of 210 NM at 4,000 rpm and maximum power of 121 kW/ 165 PS at 6,000 rpm
    AWD: Maximum torque of 208 NM at 4,000 rpm and maximum power of 118 kW/ 160 PS at 6,000 rpm

The SKYACTIV-D 2.2 diesel engine models have the world's lowest compression ratio for a diesel engine of 14.0:1, and a highly efficient two-stage turbocharger that delivers spirited and linear acceleration and exhilarating driving dynamics that surpass conventional diesel-engine vehicles. They also achieve outstanding fuel economy for a compact SUV with extremely clean emissions that clear Euro6 without the need of any NOx after-treatment systems. 

Two variants of the engine are available:

•     A High Power version developing maximum torque of 420 Nm at 2,000 rpm and maximum power of 129 kW / 175 PS at 4,500 rpm.
•     A Standard Power version produces maximum torque of 380 Nm at 1,800-2,600 rpm and maximum power of 110 kW / 150 PS at 4,500 rpm.

All Mazda CX-5 models come with a choice of two new transmissions:

• The six-speed SKYACTIV-DRIVE automatic transmission provides linear acceleration and a direct shift feel similar to a dual clutch transmission.
• The six-speed SKYACTIV-MT manual transmission, with ist compact architecture and enhanced gear structure, delivers the light and crisp shift feel known from the MX-5. Both support fuel efficiency and the high-quality ride feel of the CX-5.

Environmental and Safety Performance
The Mazda CX-5 uses the full array of SKYACTIV Technologies to achieve outstanding fuel economy and emissions performance without sacrificing its fun-to-drive character. In terms of safety, Mazda's fundamental approach is to "inspire peace-of-mind and confidence in order to enhance driving pleasure." Based on this approach, Mazda engineers worked to advance the vehicle's core performance attributes of "driving, turning and stopping" as well as visibility and operability. Thanks to the lightweight and highly-rigid SKYACTIV-BODY, the CX-5 provides excellent collision performance that will attain top ratings in crash tests around the world.

Environmental Performance
The SKYACTIV-G 2.0 petrol engine with FWD, 6-speed manual transmission and i-stop system targets a mere 6.0 litres of fuel per 100 km (combined) with CO2 emission of 139 g/km.

The SKYACTIV-D 2.2 diesel engine with FWD, 6-speed manual transmission and i-stop system targets just 4.5 litres per 100 km (combined) with CO2 emission of just 119 g/km.

The SKYACTIV-D engine meets Euro Stage 6 emission standards without adopting an expensive NOx after-treatment system.

The SKYACTIV-DRIVE automatic transmission with its new lock-up clutch, achieves lock-up in almost all driving conditions. This reduces transmission slip significantly and contributes to fuel efficiency. It is available for both petrol and diesel engines.

Mazda's idling-stop system, i-stop, is available for the CX-5 with both SKYACTIV-G and -D. It has previously been used only with petrol engine models. With a newly-developed, more advanced control system, the new i-stop shuts off the engine more frequently, helping to further improve real-world fuel economy.

Single-nanotechnology in the catalyst improves exhaust gas after-treatment performance and reduces the amount of precious metals required.

The Mazda CX-5 is one of the lightest and most aerodynamic vehicle in its class, which contributes to its outstanding fuel economy and low CO2 emissions.

Safety Performance
The base of the A-pillars has been optimized to ensure excellent forward visibility on winding roads and at junctions. The side mirrors are mounted on the doors themselves to create a gap between the mirrors and A-pillars through which drivers can check their surroundings.

A host of new, cutting-edge features are available to support the driver's own safety checks and hazard awareness :

Smart City Brake Support (SCBS) is standard for mid and high grade (first in the compact SUV segment) and uses a new radar sensor system to help prevent or reduce impact of front crash accidents at low speed (up to 30 km/h) by automatically braking the vehicle.

Upgraded Rear Vehicle Monitoring System (RVM) that detects cars approaching from behind or driving in the blind spot and warns the driver (now from 30 km/h onwards instead of 60 km/h to support city driving safety).

Lane Departure Warning minimizes the risk of leaving the driving lane unintentionally by employing a camera to detect and judge the position of white lines to then warn the driver of a possible lane departure.

High-Beam Control (HBC) automatically changes between low and high beam during night driving in order to avoid blinding upcoming vehicles.

The lightweight, highly-rigid SKYACTIV-BODY provides excellent collision performance and is conceived to attain top ratings in crash tests around the world.

A multi-load path structure and a front end with a cross-shaped cross-section increases crash energy absorption, further improving safety performance in frontal, side and rear-end collisions.

The anti-whiplash design of the front seats helps to reduce neck injury in the event of a rear-end collision.

There are two impact beams in the front doors. The upper beam has a round cross-section, and the lower beam has a double-ridged cross-section. The lower rear beam also has a double-ridged cross-section, helping to improve strength.

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Mansory Cyrus, 2009

• Mansory Cyrus, 2009

Already for more than 20 years, the Bavarian company Mansory has been developing and producing fascinating car modifications for demanding customers all over the world. The latest creation of the top-class manufacturer is called Mansory Cyrus and is based on the Aston Martin DBS or DB9. Perfect processing and an elaborate technology are the hallmarks of this masculine aerodynamic power pack. A coilover suspension provides the best road holding and emphasises the striking rims in XXL. The refinement is perfected by an exclusive interior programme.

Haute Couture on wheels
Tailor-made processing and perfect surfaces confirm the superb quality of the Mansory designer outfit. The Mansory Cyrus aerodynamics components are made of extremely light „prepreg autoclav carbon" and do not only include wing extensions for the front and back, but also side skirt attachments and linings. At the front axle, a newly designed front skirt with enlarged air inlets provides the optimal ventilation for the twelve-cylinder aggregate. The Mansory Cyrus front is visually enhanced with the newly designed carbon bonnet. With its two slotted "power domes" additional fresh air is directed to the front motor. Also at the tail, the refining engineers have invented something extraordinary in order to perfect the visual appearance of the Aston Martin. The newly designed rear skirt with the integrated diffuser emphasises the superior look and provides space for four stainless steel end pipes of the sonorous sport exhaust system.

Design wheels in XXL
The optimal road grip is provided by the 9x20 and 10,5x21 inch rims in combination with Dunlop Sport Maxx tyres measuring 255/30ZR20 at the front and 295/25ZR21 at the back. The design of the ultra-light forged wheel thereby unites sportiness and elegance and perfectly fills out the wheel houses. In addition, an optimally adjusted coilover suspension lowers the centre of gravity of this noble sports car and renders perfect road holding characteristics.

Luxurious atmosphere in the Mansory super sports car
The Mansory Cyrus driver will take his seat in a elaborately refined interior which is nothing short of the exterior. The entire modification includes pedals and foot rests made of aluminium as well as exquisite door sills and head rests with embroidered Cyrus logos. Mansory enhances the interior with a set of tailor-made carbon parts for the dash board and centre console. Generally, the noble interior is only lined with best quality materials. Decoration stitches by expert hand on the dash board and the seats render visual high-lights and perfect the significantly beautiful overall impression of the complete leather equipment. The ergonomically re-designed steering wheel with airbag lies especially well in the hand.

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Lotus Evora Carbon Concept, 2010

• Lotus Evora Carbon Concept, 2010

The Lotus Evora Carbon Concept car emphasises Lotus' motorsport pedigree, utilising beautiful high quality materials with exposed carbon fibre and plush alcantara. The striking white concept car is finished in an advanced water based pearlesent paint that contrasts with the exquisitely finished weave on the carbon fibre panels.

The head turning looks of the Lotus Evora Carbon Concept car provide a more purposeful, planted stance with the car looking lower and more aggressive. This styling direction is continued with a structural carbon fibre roof, Lotus Motorsport influenced carbon diffuser and carbon splitter. The Lotus Evora Carbon Concept car retains the same class leading handling and high tech aluminium bonded and extruded chassis of the production car.

The contemporary interior of the Lotus Evora Carbon Concept car combines the lustre of the carbon panels with perforated leather and matt alcantara. The bespoke interior uses swathes of sumptuous grey alcantara to cover the footwell, dashboard and roof. The soft texture of the leather and alcantara are juxtaposed with the hard surfaces of the carbon fibre to provide a satisfying sensory experience.

The Lotus Evora Carbon Concept car has diamond cut forged 19" alloy wheels front and rear, shod with Pirelli P-Zero Corsa tyres (235/35 wide front and 285/30 wide rear). The wheels and tyres give the Lotus Evora real presence filling the wheel arches and giving the car a purposeful appearance.

Donato Coco, Director of Lotus Design commented, "The design of the Lotus Evora Carbon Concept car features exotic, high tech materials that offer a good synergy with the Lotus brand image, expressing our motorsport heritage and history of stylish sports cars for which Lotus are renowned."

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Lexus LS 460, 2013

 

 

 

 

 

 

•  Lexus LS 460, 2013

With its dynamic handling, bold new design and superior craftsmanship, the 2013 LS flagship models hail the future of the Lexus brand as it embarks on its third decade in the premium luxury category. While retaining many of the qualities that have defined Lexus for more than 20 years, the LS reaches new heights with an exciting blend of beautiful design, modern refinement and advanced technology.

The 2013 Lexus LS line-up includes the LS 460, LS 460L, LS 600hL hybrid, and the first-ever LS 460 F Sport. LS 460 and LS 460L are available in RWD and AWD. The LS Hybrid is available with a full-time AWD system.

The all-new Lexus LS 460 F Sport combines a more aggressive exterior with a unique sport interior featuring F Sport seats with larger bolsters, a leather-wrapped steering wheel with paddle shifters and genuine aluminum trim. With a sport tuned air suspension that has been lowered 0.4 inches, a Torsen® limited slip rear differential (RWD model), Brembo six-piston caliper brakes, and 19" forged wheels with summer or all-season tires, the LS F Sport promises to be the most engaging LS ever.

The entire 2013 Lexus LS lineup is refined with dynamic, fresh styling that reflects the bold new face of Lexus. The aggressive spindle grille gives the new LS a greater road presence and stronger brand identity while heralding a significant improvement in driving dynamics, responsiveness and handling.

Increased body rigidity enhances stability, and allows for a more comfortable ride. Pitch and bounce control has been enhanced by adopting new frequency dependent shock absorbers, resulting in an even flatter, road-hugging ride. Revised steering offers improvements in accuracy and turn-in response. The braking system has been adjusted for more immediate power and greater pedal feel.

Available safety enhancements include the industry's most advanced Pre-Collision Safety (A-PCS) system with Collision Avoidance Assist. This system is designed to assist the driver in avoiding or mitigating collisions with vehicles and pedestrians under a wide range of city and highway speeds. At speeds lower than 24 miles per hour, this technology helps the Lexus LS to avoid accidents by automatically bringing the LS to a full stop.

The driver-focused interior integrates modern refinement with intuitive technology. The Advanced Illumination System (AIS), an all-LED interior lighting system, illuminates to greet the approaching occupants and then fades in sequence with the vehicle starting procedure.

The new, available Lexus Climate Concierge offers maximum comfort for every LS occupant. The customizable system uses multiple sensors to automatically regulate not only the temperature of the cabin, but also the climate control seats and the heated steering wheel, quickly bringing each occupant to their preferred temperature.

The standard navigation system is displayed on a 12.3-inch, split-screen, high-resolution multi-media display which is large enough to support simultaneous viewing of a large map display and other vehicle functions.

A next-generation Remote Touch, with one-push confirmation, is standard on all models and enables smooth, intuitive control of many vehicle systems. The Remote Touch allows the user to operate the climate, audio, phone controls, navigation system and more. The screen menus are selected with a controller conveniently located within easy reach on the center console. A number of well-placed buttons on the steering wheel and instrument panel enable the direct control of frequently used functions (e.g. temperature setting, fan speed, preset audio stations, etc.)

Lexus Enform® with App Suite leverages the customers' mobile phone technology to provide a new level of connectivity and information management. Users can conduct local searches through Bing™, utilize voice-enabled apps to make restaurant reservations through OpenTable®, get movie tickets via MovieTickets.com, tap into internet radio, including Pandora® or iHeartRadio, search business reviews on Yelp and check in on Facebook places. A one-year trial subscription is included for the App Suite.

Chassis/Body/Suspension/Brakes/Tires

•     Numerous stabilizing fins help the Lexus LS to be one of the most aerodynamically efficient cars in its segment with a coefficient drag of 0.26.
•     Laser screw welding, body adhesives and other structural reinforcements increase rigidity and enhance stability, steering feel and handling.
•     New standard Drive Mode Select allows the driver to choose from 3 distinct drive settings (Eco, Normal and Sport). Vehicles equipped with the available air suspension add Comfort and Sport S+ modes.
•     The available Air Suspension with Variable Gear Ratio Steering automatically adjusts the damping force for optimal comfort and performance.
•     The available AWD system features a central, permanently engaged, Torsen Limited Slip center Differential (LSD) to further enhance grip, traction and cornering stability.
•     Noise-reduction wheels channel resonant noise from the main air chamber to adjacent hollow areas within the wheels via resonator holes, resulting in an incredibly quiet ride.

Safety/Security

•     The Advanced Pre-Collision Safety system (APCS) can detect stationary pedestrians and those moving at speeds of up to three miles per hour and stop the vehicle from a speed of 24 miles per hour if a collision with another vehicle is imminent.
•     Available Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) constantly monitors the distance to vehicles ahead and is capable of operating at any speed. The system can bring the vehicle to a complete stop, and accelerate away once the road ahead is clear
•     An upgraded, optional Lane-Keep Assist system (LKA) helps the driver stay in the intended lane.
•     New to LS, the Blind Spot Monitor (BSM) uses rear millimeter-wave radar to monitor the vehicle rear side blind spots at 10 miles per hour or more. This feature includes Rear Cross Traffic Alert (RCTA) which automatically operates when the vehicle is in reverse, alerting drivers to the approach of other vehicles when backing out of a parking place.
•     The Available Automatic High Beam system features a camera located in the inner mirror that detects light sources in front of the vehicle — including the headlamps of oncoming vehicles, the tail lamps of a vehicle ahead and street lighting - to automatically switch the high beams on and off accordingly.

Luxury/Comfort/Convenience

•     Enhancements have been made to the sound insulation for an even quieter cabin.
•     Redesigned front seats minimize pressure peaks and increase support. Both front seats feature an improved standard heating and cooling system with larger heating and cooling areas and reduced heating and cooling times.
•     All AWD models including the LS600hL feature a heated steering wheel and Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) heating elements which warm the front cabin area quickly after vehicle start-up. Windshield de-icer and headlamp washers are standard on AWD models.
•     The LS features a standard Lexus Premium Audio System with a nine channel amplifier, 10 speakers, CD / DVD player changer, DVD audio and video compatibility, MP3 sound enhancement, HD Radio™ with iTunes tagging, and a three-month trial subscription to SiriusXM™ Satellite Radio. Standard entertainment and connectivity advancements include enhanced Bluetooth® capability with automatic phonebook download and streaming audio.
•     The optional Mark Levinson Reference Surround System provides a 5.1 home theatre surround with 7.1 architecture , discrete circuitry, 15 channel, ML3-16 Processor Power Amplifier covering a frequency range of 20Hz-20kHz, and 450 watts with less than 0.1% Total Harmonic Distortion (THD).

Luxury Options
    Available Power rear seats with Climate Concierge.
    An available Ottoman Seating Package with Shiatsu Massage and a Rear Seat Entertainment System featuring a Blu-ray DVD player, an SD card slot and a retractable, ceiling mounted, nine-inch full-color VGA screen.

Exterior Design

•     The inverted trapezoidal upper grille and slanted lower grille that were first introduced on the GS sedan have been combined and integrated into a single element on the Lexus LS to create a more prominent spindle shape.
•     When equipped with the optional three projector LED headlamp unit, the LS offers all LED exterior lighting, including turn signals an fog lamps
•     Lexus LS 460 F Sport features a unique front fascia with an enhanced three-dimensional mesh grille, larger cooling openings, black grille surround, and round fog lamps. A chrome-plated bar running along the bottom edge of the rear bumper accentuates the lowered center of gravity. F Sport exterior badging completes the look.
•     LS F Sport offers six exterior colors; Ultra White is exclusive to F Sport.

Interior Design

•     The dashboard is divided into two distinct zones: an upper Display Zone, with the large, 12.3-inch, LCD multi-display screen, and a lower Operation Zone, which allows access to system controls such as the second generation Remote Touch Interface (RTI).
•     The driver's instrument meter cluster incorporates high-visibility, large diameter Optitron dials; a 5.8-inch Thin Film Transistor (TFT) Multi-information screen; and an aluminum analog clock with a GPS-based time correction function.
•     The interior is offered in 5 color schemes: Ivory, Light Gray, Black, Black and Saddle Tan, and a newly available Topaz Brown.
•     Optional wood includes Walnut, Shimamoku Espresso, Matte Brown Bird's Eye Maple. The Lexus LS 600h L also offers an eco- friendly Bamboo wood trim.
•     The new, Shimamoku finish is an example of the finest traditional Japanese craftsmanship. Shimamoku, translated as "striped wood," involves the painstaking layering of angle-cut dark and light shaded wood veneers in a unique process which involves 67 manufacturing steps over the course of 38 days.
•     The Lexus LS 460 F Sport features aluminum ornamentation and a unique interior, featuring a black Alcantara headliner.

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