Porsche 911 GT3 RS 4.0, 2012

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

• Porsche 911 GT3 RS 4.0, 2012

With the Porsche 911 GT3 RS 4.0, one of Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG, Stuttgart's most popular, coveted and successful racing pedigree production cars is entering the home straight. Limited to 600 vehicles, the Porsche 911 GT3 RS 4.0 brings together in a road car all the attributes that have made the Porsche 911 GT3 a serial winner on the race track.

The new 911 GT3 RS 4.0 is a thoroughbred vehicle, uncompromisingly optimised for handling, with the performance of all vehicle components, including the suspension and aerodynamics, specially synchronised. Its true performance potential is especially evident on racing circuits: It makes it round the Nürburgring-Nordschleife in 7:27 minutes. With its gearing designed for the racing circuit, the Porsche 911 GT3 RS 4.0, available exclusively with a six-speed sports transmission, reaches the 200 km/h (124 mph) mark in under 12 seconds.

The Porsche 911 GT3 RS 4.0's outstanding driving dynamics are the fruit of meticulously coordinated details. In addition to using the suspension components typically encountered in motor racing, weight reduction is also of supreme importance. Equipped as standard with lightweight components such as bucket seats, bonnet and front wings made of carbon fibre, plastic rear windows and weight-optimised carpets, the two-seater's ready-for-road weight is a mere 1,360 kilograms with a full tank of fuel. At 2.72 kg/hp, the Porsche 911 GT3 RS 4.0's power-to-weight ratio thereby dips below the magical threshold of three kilograms per hp.

The limited 911 edition is painted white as standard and emphasises its proximity to motor racing by its dynamic appearance. Trademark characteristics are the wide track, the low vehicle position, the large rear wing with adapted side plates, the typical central twin tailpipe and the aerodynamically optimised body. The lateral front air deflection vanes, socalled flics, making their first appearance on a production Porsche, testify to the aerodynamic precision engineering. They create increased downforce on the front axle and together with the steeply inclined rear wing bring the vehicle into aerodynamic equilibrium.

The most powerful naturally aspirated engine of all the 911s The Porsche 911 GT3 RS 4.0's six-cylinder, naturally aspirated engine saw the light of day under the tutelage of the Porsche engineer team, also responsible for racing car development. The four-litre engine offers motorsport technology to its innermost core. The flat engine's crankshaft has been lifted unchanged from the 911 GT3 RSR racing car's six-cylinder engine and the forged pistons' connecting rods are crafted from titanium. True to the highrevving concept, the engine is designed with a short-stroke; with a bore of 102.7 mm each cylinder's stroke is 80.4 mm, thus ensuring a compression ratio of 12.6:1. The four-litre displacement sports engine, the biggest ever sports engine in a production 911, is Porsche's most powerful naturally aspirated engine with 125 hp/litre (92 kW). It achieves its maximum power of 368 kW (500 hp) at 8,250 revs per minute. The maximum rpm is 8,500.

The engine delivers its maximum torque of 460 Newton metres at 5,750 rpm. The new Porsche 911 GT3 RS 4.0 is also fitted as standard with a sport button in the front centre console. Pressing this button increases the torque in mid-range engine speeds by up to 35 Nm. But the maximum torque remains unchanged. The increase in torque is achieved by additionally reducing the exhaust back pressure in the sports exhaust system and the associated improvement in the gas cycle.

The six-cylinder engine is rigorously optimised for uncompromising agility and high revving. This includes the use of a single-mass flywheel that makes the engine rev faster, thus exploiting an additional acceleration potential. This single-mass flywheel offers a weight advantage of over eight kilograms compared with the 911 GT3's dual-mass flywheel. Other important features are the dry-sump lubrication with external engine oil reservoir, the specially developed VarioCam valve control on the inlet and outlet camshafts with small and high rpm-resistant bucket tappets, a variable intake system with two tuning flaps and a reduced back pressure sports exhaust system.

Motor racing air filter in the carbon housing
The Porsche 911 GT3 RS 4.0's intake system is characterised by the short manifold with its large cross-section and conical geometry and the special air filter housing made of especially lightweight carbon surface finish. The air filter originates from the 911 GT3 R Hybrid racing car and is an all-new development with more than a ten percent reduction in intake resistance. This is achieved by large twin-flow inlets, the aerodynamic outflow to the mass air flow sensor and the use of two filter cartridges derived from the motorsport world. These slightly conically shaped filter cartridges have a large filter area and a thin filter paper that offers little resistance to airflow.

The exhaust gases exit the six-cylinder engine through fan-type exhaust pipes, catalytic converters and reduced back pressure silencers, thus comfortably complying with the Euro 5 emission limit values.

The engine was originally based on the power unit of the successful Porsche GT1 racing car that won the 1988 Le Mans race. This engine was refined over several generations of 911 GT3 and in the 911 GT3 RS 4.0 represents the ultimate development for a Porsche 911 performance vehicle with naturally aspirated engine and road use licence.

Power transmission rigorously optimised for driving dynamics
The Porsche 911 GT3 RS 4.0 is exclusively available with a six-speed manual transmission optimised to achieve short gate travel, low weight and high efficiency. To enhance performance, gears one to five have an approximately eleven percent lower gear ratio relative to the 911 GT3. This makes for a favourable power pick-up after the gear change, thereby tapping into an additional potential reservoir of acceleration. This is also catered for by a reinforced clutch pressure plate. The gear ratio of the sixth gear is also reduced by five percent relative to the GT3. This gearing deliberately sacrifices a higher top speed in favour of increased performance on the racing circuit.

The Porsche 911 GT3 RS 4.0's engine is complemented by an asymmetric effect mechanical rear differential lock. The locking values are 28 percent in traction and 40 percent in propulsion, offering both high traction on changing road surfaces as well as precise handling in corners when pushing the driving dynamics boundaries, especially under changing loads.

Precise motor racing standard chassis
As a sports car that is uncompromisingly designed with driving dynamics in mind, the Porsche 911 GT3 RS 4.0 features a chassis specifically tuned for performance. The new high performance sports car is fitted as standard with the Porsche Active Suspension Management (PASM), a sportily tuned variant of the Porsche Stability Management (PSM) system that can be deactivated in two stages, as well as dynamic engine mounts.

To enhance performance, the new Porsche 911 GT3 RS 4.0 features an especially light and sportily precise chassis. All wheel-bearing components are made from lightweight aluminium. An additional weight advantage is generated by the increased coil pitch, front axle spring setting as well as the use of additional springs - so-called "helper springs" - on the rear axle. They are located towards the bottom of the spring element, thus enabling the use of a short and light main spring. At the same time, they ensure the initial tension of the main spring in a fully rebound state. This design is widely encountered in motor sport and is employed in all 911 GT racing cars.

Lower wishbones, tie rods and the tie bar connections on the body and the spring strut on the wheel carrier are fitted with ball joints. They offer even greater precision than normal elastokinematic bearings. With the new 911 GT3 RS 4.0, as with all 911 GT models, in addition to the track it is possible to customise the stabilisers as well as the spring system, including vehicle height, to achieve the desired handling characteristics on racing circuits.

Wide sports tyres on wheels with central locking
To increase stability, not only has the rear axle track width on the new 911 GT3 RS 4.0 been designed to be especially wide, the same applies to the front axle as well. The bene fits: Even more agile steering behaviour and even faster cornering speeds. The Porsche 911 GT3 RS 4.0 is fitted with wheels with central locking and especially high lateral adhesion tyres for even better racing circuit performance. Nine inch wheels with 245/35 ZR 19 size sports tyres are fitted on the front axle. The rear axle is fitted with twelve inch wheels running on 325/30 ZR 19 tyres for high traction and transverse force potential. The air pressure in all four tyres is permanently monitored by the tyre pressure monitoring system (TPMS) fitted as standard.

The PSM's custom tuning also satisfies even extremely sporty drivers' handling requirements. Its independent control algorithm that can be completely deactivated in two stages, was specially developed for sporty use on racing circuits.

The dynamic engine mounts fitted as standard also contribute to the superior driving dynamics. Depending on the driving situation, the mounts change their stiffness and damping, ensuring that the engine is clamped almost rigidly to the body when being driven with a very dynamic driving style.

High-performance brake system with optional ceramic disc brakes
The GT3 RS 4.0's high-performance brake system comprises six-piston aluminium fixed caliper brakes at the front and four-piston aluminium fixed caliper brakes at the rear. All brake calipers are painted red. To reduce weight, all four composite disc brake hubs are made of aluminium. The disc brake diameter on the front axle is 380 millimetres and 350 millimetres on the rear axle. The discs are internally ventilated and perforated. The PCCB brake system is available as an option; the ceramic disc brakes are of the same diameter. To ensure braking power under high stresses, in addition to intensive brake ventilation on the front axle the Porsche 911 GT3 RS 4.0 also features brake ventilation on the rear axle. This involves special brake air ducts fitted laterally on the underbody directing cooling air to the rear brake system.

Also available as an option are the pneumatic lifting system for the front axle, which enables the front-end of the car to be lifted by approximately 30 mm as well as a 90 litre capacity long-range tank.

Further optimised aerodynamics generate additional downforce
The new 911 GT3 RS 4.0's motor racing influences are clearly apparent from the body, which boasts two important characteristics: It is particularly light and is aerodynamically particularly sophisticated.

The Porsche 911 GT3 RS 4.0's ready-for-road weight is 1,360 kilograms. That equates to a dry weight of approximately 1,280 kilograms. That means that the new road racer is only approximately 80 kilograms heavier than a GT3 racing car. The rigorous weight reduction can be seen in numerous details. As with all 911 sports cars, extensive use is made of aluminium, both the Porsche 911 GT3 RS 4.0's front wings are made of carbon fibre as is the bonnet. Both the rear window and rear side windows are made of lightweight polycarbonate. The rear centre panel adjoining the rear window is made of glass fibre-reinforced poly urethane and the rear lid of glass fibre-reinforced plastic (GRP). Both driver and front seat passenger are accommodated in particularly lightweight bucket seats; the floor is clad with weight optimised carpets.

An additional weight reduction option is the lithium-ion technology starter battery, which Porsche is the first car manufacturer to offer. Weighing less than six kilograms, the storage battery is more than ten kilograms lighter than a conventional 60 Ah lead battery. The lithium-ion battery is delivered with the vehicle and can be substituted for the conventional, standard starter battery. By delivering both batteries the vehicle is ready for use throughout the year because although the lightweight battery is very serviceable for everyday use, its starting ability - because of its specific characteristics - is limited at outside temperatures below zero degrees Celsius.

First production Porsche with front air deflection vanes
The Porsche 911 GT3 RS 4.0's motor racing bent is immediately recognisable from its aerodynamic design. The 911 GT3 RS 4.0 is the first Porsche production sports car to feature so-called flics, or air deflection vanes, mounted on the side of the front apron. In terms of their basic function they can be traced to motor racing, are aerodynamically highly effective and increase downforce on the front axle. The large fixed rear wing is a traditional feature of the 911 GT3 RS models and provides downforce on the rear axle. In the case of the new 911 GT3 RS 4.0 it is painted in the same colour as the car and features special side plates that provide aerodynamic compensation for the front end flics. As a result, at top speed, aerodynamic forces exert an additional 190 kilograms pushing the Porsche 911 GT3 RS 4.0 onto the road. As a result, the 911 GT3 RS 4.0 offers yet higher acceleration potential for even higher cornering speed on racing circuits.

The front end of the Porsche 911 GT3 RS 4.0 continues to be defined by the Bi-Xenon headlights fitted as standard, LED technology day running and position lights, the large air inlets and additional air outlet forward of the luggage compartment lid. The central, slightly protruding cooling air intake in GT metallic silver is particularly striking. Its slight wedge shape enhances aerodynamic efficiency and, together with the integrated cooling air duct and exhaust air opening forward of the luggage compartment lid, promotes aerodynamic downforce on the front axle. This effect is assisted by the bold contours of the black polyurethane front spoiler lip.

Other characteristic features are the air inlet and outlet grilles painted in a titanium colour and the widely-protruding exterior cooling air inlets. With the new Porsche 911 GT3 RS 4.0 the size of the air inlets and vehicle's width are further emphasised by a sickle-shaped decorative strip in GT metallic silver around the side air inlets and front lights. This is complemented by a decorative strip in GT metallic silver running centrally around the entire vehicle edged in red, beginning with the Porsche badge on the luggage compartment lid and ending on the red "RS 4.0" model lettering on the rear lid.

Light and high-quality interior equipment
The motor racing orientated interior equipment with red Alcantara highlights is entirely in keeping with the new 911 GT3 RS 4.0's intended purpose. For example, lightweight door panels with traditional door opening straps, a specifically GT3 SportDesign steering wheel with red centrally positioned markings and various carbon elements are used. For example, the door entry guards are made with a carbon finish. The Clubsport package comprising roll-over bar, fire extinguisher, six-point racing harness and flame-retardant seat covers is fitted as standard.

In conjunction with the Clubsport package the lightweight carbon fibre bucket seats are clad in black leather and, depending on specification, a seat centre section in red or black Alcantara. The "RS 4.0" lettering is embroidered on the headrests. Both sports bucket seats with folding back rest and adaptive sports seats are available as an option on the Porsche 911 GT3 RS 4.0 at no extra cost. These optional seats feature thorax airbags located in the seat bolsters.

Other exclusive details of the new Porsche 911 GT3 RS 4.0 are carbon finish door entry guards with the lettering "RS 4.0". This lettering is also to be found on the rev counter in the instrument cluster, on the rear floor carpet and on the decorative moulding on the dashboard above the glove compartment. The badge proclaiming the limited edition status is positioned on the glove compartment lid. The cup holder has been discarded on the grounds of weight. To optimise the weight yet further the RS 4.0 can also be ordered without air-conditioning and radio. The interior equipment and the audio system on offer are attractive options such as for example leather/Alcantara upholstery in black, cruise control, Sound Package Plus, Porsche Communication Management (PCM) with navigation system, telephone module and universal audio interface.

Specifications of the Porsche 911 GT3 RS 4.0
    Displacement: 3,996 cc
    Bore: 102.7 mm
    Stroke: 80.4 mm
    Compression Ratio: 12.6:1
    Engine Power: 368 kW (500 hp) at 8,250 rpm
    Max. Torque: 460 Nm at 5,750 rpm
    Power Output per Litre: 92 kW/litre (125 HP/litre)
    Maximum Revs: 8,500 rpm
    Fuel Type: Premium Plus

    Dimensions
        Length 4,460 mm
        Width 1,852 mm
        Height 1,280 mm
        Wheelbase 2,355 mm
        Track widths Front 1,509 mm
        Rear 1,554 mm
        Luggage compartment volume: 105 litres
        Fuel tank capacity: 67 litres (90 litres as an option)
        Unladen weight DIN: 1,360 kg
        Permissible gross weight: 1,680 kg

    Performance
        Top speed: 310 km/h (193 mph)
        0-100 km/h (0 - 62 mph): 3.9 s
        0-160 km/h (99 mph): 7.9 s
        0-200 km/h (124 mph): 11.9 s
        0-1000 metres (3,280 ft): 21.2 s

    Fuel Consumption (NEDC)
        Urban: 20.4 litres
        Extra urban: 9.9 litres
        Combined: 13.8 litres
    CO2 Emissions: 326 g/km
    Emission Category: Euro 5

Read More

Peugeot Onyx Concept, 2012

 

 

 

 

 

 

• Peugeot Onyx Concept, 2012

Quasar, Proxima, Oxia, 907... Peugeot's supercars have always made the eyes of both children and adults shine. In 2012, the Marque is again creating a dream with the supercar of the 21st century: the Peugeot Onyx Concept.

Sculpted using materials processed as little as possible, this supercar has been created by enthusiasts who have drawn their inspiration from the world of competition. With its V8 engine in a central rear position, the Peugeot Onyx Concept propels its admirers into a world of high performance, controlled in all circumstances thanks to intuitive instruments and controls. In addition to its stunning aesthetics, it explores new 'raw' materials, to take efficiency to another level.

A passion for innovation has never ceased to find its expression over the 202 year history of Peugeot, one of the oldest marques in the motor industry. Furthermore, it is the only one to offer a comprehensive range of personal means of transport: bicycles, scooters, cars and light utility vehicles. The Peugeot Onyx Concept Bike and Onyx Concept Scooter are also expressed with this vision of the future and will preview on

A radical silhouette... an intense emotion from the first glance

The sharp bodywork calls out with the striking contrast of its materials and colours. Fashioned by hand by a master craftsman, the wings and doors are pure copper sheet. A polished mirror, this metal does not need to resort to tricks to protect itself. So, its appearance will change over time, gaining a patina. The Onyx is alive! As for the other panels of the bodywork, these are carbon fibre, painted matt black.

Slicing through the air with finesse, the front face unites the vertical grille and full LED lamps, tapered, their surface area reduced to a minimum. The flow then separates; some penetrates into the heart of the vehicle, flowing inside the bodywork and the structure to supply the engine with air. The remainder of the flow spreads, skimming along the sides and the 'double-bubble' roof. Finishing off the Peugeot Onyx Concept with beauty, the rear lamps adopt a light signature with three claws now characteristic of Peugeot. They also support small spoilers which direct the upper and side flows. These reunite as far as possible from the bodywork to reduce drag. With a Cd of 0.30, the aerodynamic impact of the Onyx is inversely proportional to its visual impact.

A link between experience and the future, the Peugeot Onyx Concept incorporates the present by paying tribute to the RCZ through its 'double-bubble' roof and aluminium arches. With complete transparency, revealing the carbon fibre structure and the passenger compartment, the windows and roof are made of PMMA (PolyMethyl MethAcrylate). Enclosing the cocoon, they guarantee the occupants' optimum protection due to its ultra-resistant structure.

A powerful supercar
The chassis of the car is an innovative component, developed with the expertise of Peugeot Sport and the Group's Research and Development Department. In monolithic carbon, this central structure consists of only 12 parts. It incorporates the front and rear chassis legs, which makes it possible to eliminate the connected plates. The torsional stiffness and weight of the structure is optimised, at barely 100kg.

Bolted onto the carbon fibre shell, the 3.7-litre V8 hybrid HDi FAP engine and the suspension bear all the experience of Peugeot Sport, acquired and confirmed on tracks all over the world. Cooled by ducts which begin at the roof via NACA take-offs, the V8 transmits its 600bhp to the rear wheels via a six-speed sequential gearbox. This power ideally exploits compact proportions: 4.65m long, 2.20m wide, 1.13m high and of only 1100kg. Fitted with tyres specially developed by Michelin, 275/30 at the front and 345/30 at the rear, the 20" wheels see their hub retained on the structure by a double wishbone and an in-board controlled suspension, both at the front and at the rear.

Intelligent, the HYbrid4 technology recovers the kinetic energy which is usually lost during braking. Stored in lithium-ion batteries, this energy is then delivered automatically on acceleration, boosting the power by an additional 80bhp. The management of this function is transparent to the driver, as is that of the engine which has represented a real challenge. In fact, the engine designers had to make suitable for the road, an engine which, in competition, operates in an extreme range.

With less than 2kg per horsepower, the Onyx achieves high performance without altering the purity and elegance of its style. To obtain this result, the Peugeot Onyx Concept is fitted with a flat carbon fibre floor, which creates a powerful ground effect. So, the aerodynamic components could be limited to a strict minimum, by means of extensions of the carbon fibre structure and the moving spoiler which loads the rear suspension during braking. Braking is provided by four carbon discs, 380mm at the front and 355mm at the rear.

Innovative instruments and controls for a unique experience
The doors, the interface between the bodywork and the passenger compartment, offer easy access thanks to their two-movement kinematics. On opening, the outer copper skin separates from the door inner panel and moves laterally by a few centimetres before pivoting around its axis of rotation.

The passenger compartment is bathed with natural light, from floor to roof. Like the bodywork, it has the minimum amount of material retaining only that necessary to make the components and retain them. The result is an uncluttered passenger compartment, in close proximity to the occupants.

Sophie Gazeau, Peugeot Colour & Materials Stylist
Made of felt, compressed and stretched, the passenger compartment is formed as a one-piece pod, with no stitching or joins. It creates a real cocoon around the occupants and fitted into the carbon structure, visible in places, fulfils the functions carried out in the past by several components: soundproofing, floor, upper console, roof, bucket seats.

The occupants become one with a uniform part, which also reduces weight. Their sporting comfort has been incorporated with the insertion of foam, under the felt, in the areas of contact with the body.

Warm and soft, the felt originates from an ancestral tradition. Obtained from boiled wool, with intertwined fibres, this material is fully recyclable and provides excellent thermal insulation. In addition, it improves the quality of the surrounding air by dehumidifying it.

On board, the driver finds each control without having to take his eyes off the road. The small steering wheel with felt rim falls naturally into the driver's hands and gives an immediate feeling of agility. On its carbon hub the aluminium controls operate the functions of the Onyx, while paddles control the gearbox.

The dashboard is made of a new type of "wood", Newspaper Wood. It is produced from used newspapers, assembled and compressed to create new 'logs' from which the parts are made. The illusion is perfect, with grains which run across the surface. On closer inspection it reveals the secret with the appearance of printed characters.

The dashboard houses the instrument panel in a head up position. On the instrument panel surround, the engine speed and vehicle speed are indicated by metal parts, appearing or disappearing like the keys of a piano. As for the operation of the hybrid engine, this is indicated by digital screens.

A panel of aluminium toggle switches is installed in the roof, including the engine starting switch. Immediately behind this, a strip displays the images from the rear view cameras: two located in the mirrors, the third, panoramic, in the rear capping.

Also made from Newspaper Wood, the console features a unique fuel indicator, shaped from blown-glass by a master craftsman. This fuel chamber, displays the level of fuel visible against finely chiselled indication marks. Also, diffused in the passenger compartment by its vents, the fragrance reproduces the essence of the materials used. Finally, the console houses the dual-zone air conditioning controls, with an aluminium bar with a milled detail finish.

The Peugeot Onyx Concept, like its accomplished Peugeot Concept predecessors, exudes the skills of the talented engineers and designers, introducing new techniques and innovative materials to produce a stylish design with extreme performance that inspires excitement and desirability, while providing a glimpse of the theme of thinking with the future in mind.

Read More

Mazda 6 Sedan, 2013

 

 

 

 

 

 

•  Mazda 6 Sedan, 2013

Mazda premieres the completely redesigned Mazda 6 at 2012 Moscow Motor Show. Following on from the Mazda CX-5, the all-new Mazda 6 is the second of a new generation of Mazda vehicles which adopt the full range of SKYACTIV technology and the "KODO - Soul of Motion" design language. Mazda has consistently strived to provide stylish, insightful and spirited cars and the new generation vehicles also offer outstanding environmental performance.

Mazda's environmental technology development is directed by its Building Block Strategy which first calls for thorough improvements in the base automotive technologies. The next step builds on these improvements with the sequential introduction of electric devices designed to improve fuel economy. The first such device was the i-stop idling stop system introduced in 2009 with the Mazda 3. The second device, which makes its debut with the new Mazda 6 is i-ELOOP, Mazda's unique brake energy regeneration system which begins charging a capacitor the moment the driver takes his foot off the accelerator. Electricity stored in the capacitor can then be used to power electric components throughout the car. In freeing the engine from much of the duty of providing electricity to these components, more fuel energy goes directly to powering the car resulting in further improvements in fuel economy. In addition, a variety of advanced active safety technologies have been adopted. The new Mazda 6 delivers not only precise response and a high-quality, exhilarating driving experience but also outstanding environmental and safety performance.

Drawing on the full potential of both SKYACTIV technology and KODO design, the Mazda 6 aims to take the "joy of driving" to a new level. As the flagship model of a new generation of vehicles, it will build on the momentum created by the success of the CX-5, and heralds a new era for Mazda. It will be introduced to global markets starting in late 2012.

"Driving pleasure" begins before you even turn the key
Creation of a flagship model that takes driving pleasure to another level.

Design
The new Mazda 6 is the mass production model born of the Mazda Takeri concept car first showcased at 2011 Tokyo Motor Show. "The new Mazda 6 has a robust framework and a low, wide stance that expresses strength and stability, creating the impression of amazing vitality without detracting from the universal aesthetic appeal and beautiful form it displays as a CD car," says Chief Designer Akira Tamatani. "We have created a design in which the wild and dynamic expressions of motion artistically realize a powerful presence. Simply looking at the car heightens one's expectations about the driving experience even before actually riding in it."

At a single glance, the exterior design conveys animalistic tenacity, dignity and a sporty flare through its smooth and powerful physique. The coordinated interior, in keynote black, is both chic and contemporary without compromising on a timeless feeling of luxury and quality.

Exterior
In the front view, the 'signature wing' is incorporated, a unifying element of the new Mazda family face design, into the deeply sculpted face. The hood creases extend from the tips of the signature wing and flow into the body character lines. Together with the solid design of the nose, they complement the overall dynamic form of the body that expresses a strong desire for motion.

Three character lines dominate the side view - an elegant line that extends forward from the rear tire, a rear fender line suggesting driving force from the vehicle's hind quarter, and a front fender line denoting strong shoulders supporting nimble forefeet. The combination of these lines capture the form of a predator crouched and ready to leap forward in an explosion of movement.

The rear view displays stability through the well balanced proportions of the wedged body, prominent rear fender and compact cabin.

For the head lights, signature LED luminescence and halo ring light guides are adopted for the first time in a Mazda mass production vehicle.
The first use of "Soul Red", a new color born of a unique technological process developed by Mazda, that balances depth and shading which accentuate the car's dynamic form, and vividness which expresses sportiness.

Interior
The driver-oriented cockpit offers generous space. Three meters laid out symmetrically in the meter hood heighten the expectation for exciting driving.

The passenger side space provides a sense of both openness and safety with the decorative horizontal line extending through the center panel to the air-conditioning louvers as well as with the encircling form of the dash.

Soft materials are used for areas frequently touched such as the door trim and the upper part of the instrument panel.

The solid, decorative instrument panel features 2 colors, 'Bordeaux metal' and 'Dark metal'.

White scale markings appear to stand out from the meter face which feature a combination of spindle groove and honeycomb patterning to achieve a feeling of depth and quality craftsmanship. An encircling metal ring completes a tasteful design which conveys a zeal for driving.

Craftsmanship
New generation Mazdas are developed under the design craftsmanship concept which incorporates the designer's aesthetic sense into a base of detailed and precise engineering. Full-scale implementation of this concept with the new Mazda 6 enabled a high-quality, premium finish with a harmony of form and quality while not compromising on functionality. Attention was paid not only to areas passengers see and touch but also to the feel and sound of operating the vehicle in order to create a sense of unity throughout the car. An overall feeling of quality appeals to all the senses and creates an expectation that the new Mazda 6 will offer heightened levels of driving pleasure no matter where you take it.

Details of all parts, including design pattern, moulding, surface grain and gloss treatments are carefully executed according to a consistent philosophy.

In the cabin, the instrument panel is laid out horizontally, and a smooth continuity between the upper area of the instrument panel and the door trim creates an impression of simplicity and neatness.

Care has been taken to ensure metal-like decorations, such as satin chrome plating.

Parts which the driver often handles, such as the steering wheel, shift knob and parking brake lever are carefully crafted to achieve a smooth and consistent feel.

The layout of the instrument display and operating devices surrounding the driver's seat has been optimized in consideration of both the characteristics of human vision and arm and hand movements.

Packaging
A spacious and comfortable environment is provided within the dynamic and elegant body form realized by KODO design. It offers an environment where the driver can relax and concentrate on the pleasure of driving. A feeling of anticipation is stirred every time you look at the car, run your hand over the fender, grasp the wheel or adjust the mirror.

Two fundamental aims directed the development of the packaging. The first was to realize a spacious, comfortable cabin that perfectly matches KODO design. The second was to refine the Human Machine Interface (HMI) to create a cockpit environment where the driver can feel completely at ease. The new Mazda 6's packaging achieves all three aims and provides driver and passengers with a great environment in which to savour the "joy of driving".

Spacious, comfortable cabin that perfectly matches KODO design
The 2,830 mm long wheel-base allows a spacious backseat area, ample interior space and a broad canvas for the unrestrained expression of KODO.

Large 19-inch diameter wheels create a feeling of unshakable stability.
Compared to the previous model, the front wheel has been moved forward by 100 mm in relation to the A-pillar resulting in reduced overhang. The rear deck is also shorter than the previous model. The car's stance, with the bulk of the mass toward the rear, gives a sense of explosive power ready to be unleashed at any moment.

Shoulder room of 1,450 mm in the front seat (20 mm wider than the previous model) and a large radius corner on the center console ensure comfortable seating.

The rear seats feature ample legroom with a knee clearance 43 mm greater than the previous model and amongst the best in the segment. Leg space is 984 mm, which is 37 mm more than on the previous model. The length of the rear seat cushion is increased by 20 mm and the seat back length by 33 mm. The rear center arm rest has been enlarged by 60 mm.

The trunk was designed from an ergonomic perspective. The upper opening width is 32 mm wider than on the previous model, for easy loading. A swan hinge enables easy and smooth opening and closing of the trunk.

Cockpit environment
An adjustable front seat combined with adjustable tilt and telescopic steering wheel enable precise adjustment of the driving position.

A multi commander allows intuitive control of an array of functions such as audio, navigation system and sensitivity of the automatic windshield wipers via the center display.

Trip management information is displayed on a 3.5-inch multi-information display in the meter cluster. Navigation information is shown on a 5-inch display located in the center panel. By separating information into categories and showing them on two different displays, readability and operability were further enhanced.

Driving dynamics
When it came to driving dynamics, the aim was to provide an exhilarating driving experience that can only be felt when the driver and car become one. Mazda's fundamental belief is that a smooth linear response to driver input is the basis of driving pleasure, and full enjoyment cannot be attained through speed and power alone. This was the motivation for the introduction of SKYACTIV technology throughout the car including the engine, transmission, body and chassis.

Aiming to realize both agility and linearity by uniting the driver and the car, Mazda concentrated on providing outstanding levels of high performance via a control system that responds to the driver's intentions. In terms of acceleration characteristics, this means natural, linear acceleration in response to pedal operation without a hint of jerkiness or delay. For cornering characteristics, this means faithfully responding to steering input, providing immediate feedback from the road and mildly increasing roll so that no steering adjustment is required to maintain the desired cornering line. Finally, for braking characteristics, this means braking performance that gives the driver the feeling of being in complete control, even when releasing the brakes. Closely concentrating on human sensitivity, Mazda strove to balance fundamentally contradictory characteristics of motion: refined, supple motion and light, agile motion. Fitting for the Mazda flagship model, extremely impressive driving performance including superior high-speed straight-line stability that gives the feeling of complete control has been realized, thus providing an enjoyable, comfortable drive regardless of distance.

Chassis & Body
The all-new Mazda 6 sedan has a finely tuned SKYACTIV-Chassis front strut and rear multi-link suspension, delivering agile driving performance in the low to mid-speed ranges and stability in high-speed driving.

The column-type electric power assist steering system offers precise control by responding to small steering inputs as needed without forcing changes in the positions of the hands holding the wheel, thus contributing to a linear steering feel. The new control assist enhances straight-line stability and prevents steering pull on rough road surfaces.

The optimized brake booster curves deliver effective, precise and assured braking performance all the way up to high G areas. This is the result of easily-controllable initial pedaling and enhanced stability enabled by higher brake cooling efficiency.

The robust SKYACTIV-Body structure makes wider use of ultra-high tensile steel reducing weight while at the same time improving torsional rigidity by about 30%

Engineering efforts in NVH performance focused on achieving class-leading quietness in the cabin and creating a pleasant yet exhilarating engine sound under acceleration. The improved NVH performance mainly comes from effectively blocking noise paths from the engine and the road to the cabin and designing parts to effectively absorb sound energy.

The optimized under-floor design improves aerodynamic performance by rectifying airflow under the vehicle and minimizing the trailing vortex by directing the airflow upwards via the tail up design of the main silencer. The Coefficient of Drag target is a class-leading 0.26 (depending on grade). This contributes to high-speed stability as well as fuel efficiency.

Powertrain
SKYACTIV-G 2.0 (gasoline engine) equipped models offer abundant torque characteristics at low engine speeds enabling acceleration that precisely matches the driver's intention in various driving situations, and contribute to a precise and linear response, high-quality and pleasant ride and superb fuel economy performance. The maximum torque is 210 Nm / 4,000 rpm and the maximum output is 110 kW / 6,000 rpm.

SKYACTIV-G 2.5 (gasoline engine), which will see its first deployment in the new Mazda 6 is light weight and delivers class-leading maximum torque of 256 Nm / 3,250 rpm. The maximum output is 141 kW / 5,700 rpm. The balance shaft contributes to the mitigation of engine vibration and low noise output.

SKYACTIV-G 2.0 comes with the 6-speed SKYACTIV-Drive automatic transmission or the 6-speed SKYACTIV-MT gear box. SKYACTIV-G 2.5 is combined with the SKYACTIV-Drive transmission. Precise and nimble driving performance is supported by both SKYACTIV-Drive, designed to control driving force and gear speed linearly in response to acceleration pedal input, and SKYACTIV-MT offering a light and crisp shift feel.

Environmental and Safety Performance for driving pleasure and peace of mind
Environmental and safety performance was further enhanced in the all-new Mazda 6 so customers can enjoy driving with peace of mind. In terms of environmental performance, the addition of i-stop and i-ELOOP improves the already outstanding fuel economy achieved with SKYACTIV technology. The foundation of the new Mazda 6's safety performance lies in its outstanding handling that responds immediately to the driver's input, its excellent visibility and the crash-worthiness of the highly rigid SKYACTIV-Body. On top of this, an array of advanced safety technologies has been employed to support the driver in the safe operation of the vehicle. For example, Rear Vehicle Monitoring (RVM) and Adaptive Front Lighting system (AFS) improve driver awareness and field of vision at night. Smart City Brake Support (SCBS) takes steps to avoid or reduce the severity of an accident. Finally, superior passive safety minimizes damage when collisions do occur.

Environmental performance
The new Mazda 6 is the first model to adopt the "i-ELOOP" brake energy regeneration system, which contributes to an improvement in fuel efficiency in real world driving situations. This is the first passenger car brake energy regeneration system in the world to utilize a capacitor. SKYACTIV-G 2.5 engine models are equipped with i-ELOOP.

Award-winning single-nanotechnology in the catalyst improves the exhaust gas after-treatment process and reduces the amount of precious metal required.

Active Safety Technologies
Moving the bottom of the A-pillar rearwards by 100 mm, compared with the outgoing model, and mounting the rear view mirror on the door rather than the base of the A-pillar helps to enhance the forward and peripheral visibility.

High-Beam Control system (HBC) uses a sensor to detect oncoming vehicles and automatically changes between high and low beam to help avoid blinding other drivers during night driving.

Adaptive Front-lighting system (AFS) predicts curves based on the degree of steering input and vehicle speed and turns the headlights in the direction that the vehicle is actually heading. This improves visibility when driving at night.

Hill Launch Assist (HLA) helps prevent the Mazda 6 from rolling backwards while the driver's foot moves from the brake pedal to the accelerator pedal when taking off on a hill.
Emergency Stop Signal (ESS) cause the hazard lights to rapidly flicker on and off in the event of panic braking at 50 km/h or faster in order to warn vehicles behind.

Rear Vehicle Monitoring (RVM) comes into effect at speeds of 30 km/h or faster and detects cars approaching from behind or driving in the blind spot on either side, warning the driver when he turns on the indicator to change lanes.

The Lane Departure Warning System (LDWS) uses a camera to judge the position of lines on the road and warns the driver of unintentional lane departures, thus minimizing the risk of collision due to driver inattention or fatigue.

Smart City Brake Support (SCBS) uses a near-infrared beam sensor to help prevent and, in cases where prevention is not possible, reduce the impact of frontal collisions at low speed (up to 30 km/h) by automatically applying the vehicle's brakes.

Passive Safety Technologies
The lightweight yet highly-rigid SKYACTIV-BODY provides excellent crashworthiness and is designed to attain top safety ratings in tests around the world.

A multi-load path structure and a front end with an X-shaped cross-section increases impact energy absorption, further improving safety performance in frontal, side and rear-end collisions.

The anti-whiplash design of the front seats helps to reduce neck injury in the event of a rear-end collision.

There are two impact beams in the front doors. The upper beam has a round cross-section, and the lower beam has a double-ridged cross-section. The lower rear beam also has a double-ridged cross-section, helping to improve strength.

Read More

Lincoln MKZ, 2013

 

 

 

 

 

 

•  Lincoln MKZ, 2013

The Lincoln MKZ Concept shown at the North American International Auto Show in January 2012, the production 2013 Lincoln MKZ embodies a design language that is subtly distinctive.

Lincoln MKZ Exterior
A sweeping roofline defines the new luxury sedan's profile. The steeply raked windshield and lengthened backlight make for a sleeker and more flowing appearance that is 10 percent more aerodynamic than the model it replaces. "The MKZ shape is a vision completed with just a few strokes," said Wolff.

Although strikingly modern, the design retains classic Lincoln design elements including a more refined interpretation of the split-wing grille, first seen on the 1938 Lincoln-Zephyr.

Rearview mirrors stand on door-mounted, sculpted pedestals. The fitment enables the front door glass to extend farther forward to improve visibility and to allow even more light into the interior.

The crafted headlamp assemblies include bright, energy-efficient LED lighting. The front headlights turn in sync with the steering wheel, providing enhanced visibility. At the rear, LED technology enabled a thin, distinctive full-width taillamp graphic.

Lincoln MKZ Interior
Design teams created an inviting interior featuring bold architectural elements, rich natural materials and fine details.

Innovation and technology abound inside the new MKZ. Replacing the traditional mechanical transmission shift lever is a contemporary five-button interface. The individual buttons of Push Button Shift engage Park, Neutral, Reverse, and forward gears in two modes, Drive and Sport.

Push Button Shift gave designers freedom to create a sculptural multi-level center console with more functional storage areas.

Positioned ahead of the driver, the full-color 10.1-inch LCD instrument cluster operates with the latest version of SYNC with MyLincoln Touch. The all-new design combines dimensional indicator rings framing a brilliant and reconfigurable Thin Film Transistor (TFT) LCD. An equally critical component of MyLincoln Touch is the nearly flush-mounted center 8-inch LCD touch screen that displays information clearly in easy-to-reference color-keyed quadrants.

Premium-grade, supple leather covers all seating surfaces. Responsibly harvested wood and metal-toned surfaces create a luxurious and comfortable interior space.

Standard luxury amenities include an 11-speaker audiophile entertainment system and cabin air filtration, plus heated front seats (with the driver's featuring 10-way power controls), remote start capabilities and Active Noise Control.

To make the Lincoln MKZ exceptionally quiet, ANC electronically targets frequencies and reduces their intensity. To improve the refinement of the driving experience, other frequencies are subtly enhanced.

The available THX® II Certified Car Audio System is a Lincoln-exclusive that features 700 watts, 14 channels and 14 speakers. THX audio engineers spent more than 200 hours custom tuning the THX-certified equipment to the new MKZ's interior. The result delivers home-theater surround sound to the road.

The new Lincoln MKZ is the only sedan in its class to offer inflatable second-row outboard seat belts. Rear-seat passengers - often children or mature passengers - can be more vulnerable to head, chest and neck injuries. The available inflatable second-row, outboard seat belts spread impact forces across more than five times the area of conventional belts, reducing pressure on the chest while helping to control head and neck motion and helping reduce the risk of injuries.

Camera- and Radar-Based Driving Aids
The new Lincoln MKZ offers the Lane Keeping System, a suite of advanced driving aids that helps drivers avoid drifting from their lane due to distraction or fatigue. Consisting of Lane Keeping Aid, Lane Keeping Alert and Driver Assist, the Lane Keeping System utilizes a mono-vision camera integrated into the rearview mirror to read the lane markers ahead.

Available radar-based (ultrasonic) driving aids further enhance the driving experience. Adaptive Cruise Control and Collision Warning with Brake Support each use a long-range radar system that scans in front of the vehicle, automatically adjusting to traffic speed and providing a visual and audible alert when a potential front-end collision is detected.

Active park assist and Blind Spot Information System (BLIS®) with cross-traffic alert use multiple short-range wide-angle radar sensors. Each function provides a distinct benefit, ranging from making parallel parking easier to warning of oncoming vehicles while backing out of a parking space.

SYNC with MyLincoln Touch
SYNC with MyLincoln Touch is standard in the new MKZ. The combined system makes it easier to use the entertainment, climate and available navigation features as well as devices brought into the car (e.g., phones, PDA, MP3 players). Twin five-way controls on the steering wheel manage essential systems, and many functions can be voice-activated via SYNC.

Standard SYNC Services make turn-by-turn directions available via one button push and simple voice commands. Continually improving voice recognition software learns user voices, improving the efficiency of voice commands.

Lincoln MKZ Dynamic Driving Technologies
The new MKZ offers Lincoln Drive Control as standard. Lincoln Drive Control is an automatic system that delivers an ideal balance of a smooth ride with confident handling as it intuitively responds to driver commands and the road, making the 2013 model the most refined and engaging MKZ ever.

Always on, Lincoln Drive Control orchestrates the performance of the Continuously Controlled Damping (CCD) adjustable suspension, electric power-assisted steering (EPAS), engine, transmission, Active Noise Control (ANC), traction control and stability control systems.

The result is an unsurpassed combination of refined ride and engaging driving dynamics. CCD offers three modes (Sport/Normal/Comfort) that are accessible using MyLincoln Touch. Selecting "Sport" on the Push Button Shift gear selector enables a decidedly more sporty driving experience.

CCD contributes to Lincoln Drive Control's transparent action by monitoring the car's suspension settings up to 500 times per second. The real-time system adjusts the suspension up to 50 times per second to deliver more controlled handling with a smoother ride. CCD augments a highly developed chassis that includes a refined strut front suspension and an all new integral link rear suspension.

The new Lincoln MKZ is the only sedan in its class to include Continuously Controlled Damping and Active Noise Control as standard equipment.

MKZ Engines, Transmissions and Drive Systems
The 2013 Lincoln MKZ offers three distinct powertrains. The standard 2.0-liter four-cylinder EcoBoost® delivers the performance of a traditional V6 along with expected segment-leading fuel economy that is at least 3 mpg better than the closest competitor. This engine delivers a projected 20-percent increase in highway fuel economy versus the 2012 MKZ.

Emphasizing performance and efficiency, the optional 3.7-liter V6 produces significantly more power (37 horsepower and 28 lb.-ft. of torque) than the previous Lincoln MKZ V6 while improving fuel economy approximately 5 percent.

Maximizing fuel efficiency, the optional 2.0-liter four-cylinder hybrid powertrain is expected to enable the 2013 MKZ Hybrid to remain North America's most fuel-efficient premium sedan. The 2012 MKZ Hybrid is rated at 41 city mpg, 36 highway mpg.

Non-hybrid models utilize a six-speed automatic transmission. Standard paddle shifters mounted behind the steering wheel add to the performance driving experience of the Lincoln MKZ.

Improving grip on slippery roads, the available all-wheel-drive (AWD) system anticipates and adjusts the power delivery to the front and rear axles in as little as 16 milliseconds, faster than the blink of an eye.

Retractable Panoramic Roof
The Retractable Panoramic Roof is a new signature feature for Lincoln. The 15.2-square-foot glass panel offers one of the largest openings available on any current sedan. The design maintains the structural strength of a steel-roof vehicle.

Read More